Summaries

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In July 1941 Ross decided to end his journal entries with a summary:

The following table lists and links to all of the summaries, covering volumes 4-25 over the period 1941-1972. Text that is in [square brackets] was either an editorial comment, difficult to read, impossible to type, or a case where Ross used square brackets himself! Because the summaries appear at the end of sections, when you use the link to jump to the page where the summary is, you generally have to flip back a few pages to find the start of the section. The dates listed are often actually associated with a following journal entry on the same page as the summary.

Date	Page	Summary
4-May-39	0586	Nirvanophilia is identical with stable equilibrium.
20-Jun-39	0588	A great idea... organisation must spread from the environment inwards.
	0960	(1) It is impossible to say how much one variable depends on another. (2) The meaning of "dx'_i/dx_k" is given. (3) The Question "Does x_i depend on x_k" is meaningless. (4) New form of matrix test for dominance is given. (5) Definitions given of (a) x_i-t curve depends on x⁰_k, (b) x_i-t curve is independant of x⁰_k, (c) x_i dominates x_k, (d) "parameter".
	0960	I have decided in future to end the Sections with a Summary. It may perhaps force rather more tidiness into the ideas and will be useful for reference.
22-Jul-41	0963	Three methods are given for exploring a system of equations like 957 (top) in order to find parameters, and dominances using basically the method of 958 (top).
22-Jul-41	0966	If a field should alter its organisation, and particularly its dominances and independences, reversibly when a variable exceeds a given value, we may either look on it in this way, or (preferably) we may set up new and more comprehensive field equations treating it as one constant organisation. But see 1038 for a much improved statement.
22-Jul-41	0967	After a lot of breaking and final reaching of a neutral point, if we test it by displacing it a little and ask 'will it be stable' the answer is that if it is stable O.K., and if it is no longer stable, we've broken it. So who cares?
24-Jul-41	0969	The use of diagrams like those of 940, 946, 967 are permissible only if they represent (a) immediate dependencies as given by the substitutions and subject to its restrictions, or (b) as completed diagrams (961) to represent final dominances etc, but not as both haphazardly. Completed diagrams may be used to typify an organisation (contrary to 928). Also an addendum to the method of 962.
24-Jul-41	0970	Our substitutions deal quite adequately with the idea of the free energy available to the brain and body - by ignoring it.
24-Jul-41	0971	A higher level must usually change more slowly than a lower level, in order that the lower level may be given time to catch its neutral point.
25-Jul-41	0972	If, from a given system, we remove knowledge of a variable, we must introduce probability to replace it. (But see next paragraph)
25-Jul-41	0974	If initial conditions are unknown we must replace them with probability.
25-Jul-41	0976	The idea is suggested that the old memories, as organisations, may be present implicitly rather than explicitly.
27-Jul-41	0978	The lower animals, at any rate, with their environment may be much simplified for our purpose by noting that one animal may be considered to be split into several, or many, parts, each of which has its own environment. So animal and environment = several machines, not one.
27-Jul-41	0982	We have discussed the situation: p's dominate x's, and x's dominate y's. Under these conditions we can get a stability of organisation. Also we can get y-point in y-space moving twice through the same point in different directions. If the x's react rapidly they will tend to disappear functionally. A succession of such gives transmission through a series of organisations. If one level has only a few, or a single, variable this introduces an essential simplicity into all subsequent levels. A large organisation may be 'simple' because it depends on only one or a few parameters.
	0983	Details are given showing that it is possible to explore, experimentally, a given field or organisation. To do this parameters are necessary, and it may be necessary to introduce new ones not mentioned before.
	0985	An organisation with n variables and m parameters has two separate complexities. Subject to conditions, m describes the number of coordinates in the space in which the neutral point moves, when m=n we have a 'transative' state.
	0987	A (better) restatement of the theorem of 680.
	0989	Mathematical definition and test is given for 'neutral point' and 'neutral cycle' when the substitution is given as a differentil equation. (Actual example next paragraph).
	0990	An example of neutral cycle in a differential equation is given.
13-Aug-41	0995	A break may be treated as a mere incident in the development (in time) of one machine. Also one machine may be considered as split into two parts with a break between if one of the variables is a step-function of the time (see next paragraph). A break is a change of organisation. Changes of organisation have two causes: (1) Due to conditions outside the machine, which are arbitary parameter changes, and are my doing. (2) Due to conditions inside the machine - a break if we ignore the cause.
	1004	"Step-function" is defined. An analytic formula given for one. If a function in a substitution is a step function of the variables, the corresponding variable in the solved equations is a step-function of the time. The effect in a field of a step-function is discussed, The essential conditions for a break are a cloud of dots, each of which has a number associated with it saying "change one of the step-functions to this new value" and not a surface as suggested on 898.
22-Aug-41	1009	(1) Brain activity will sometimes conduct an animal, with great ingenuity, to its death. (2) Survival is a by-product of brain activity.
22-Aug-41	1009	It is agreed, with 928, that a reversible system is of no interest from our point of view and does not exist in nature anyway.
22-Aug-41	1010	We show how to calculate the shift of a neutral point for a small change of parameter when the substitution is given as differential equations, (if finite substitution 927) (if several parameters, 1023)
	1016	The general principle of "pressures", that difference means movement, suggests a method of combining sustitutions, or stimuli, to form a "product". If the number of parameters is greater than the number of variables, this product exists always, and powers are associative. The inverse in not unique. But the whole suggests a way in which groups might get in.
	1018	In general, after a break has occurred due to the x- point touching a break point, not only the field changes but also the break points.
28-Aug-41	1020	All step-functions can be expressed as a linear function of one basic step-function, stp (x), "step-x", here defined. (Not true)
	1022	The behaviour of break-surfaces.
28-Aug-41	1023	Another example of the conclusion of 1006.
28-Aug-41	1024	Equations are given for determining the shift in a neutral point if several parameters are altered a little. The change in each coordinate is a linear function of the changes of parameters.
29-Aug-41	1026	A carefully calculated field is given, with four neutral points. Useful for experimenting. (Others are on 817, 828, 839, 885, 941, 990, 1021)
	1028	An example is given, in all detail, of a substitution with two step-functions. It confirms the theorum of 1021. The existence of "false neutral points" is noted.
3-Sep-41	1038	A much better statement is given of the idea of varying patterns of dominance etc in a system.
3-Sep-41	1038	"Break" does not involve "irreversibility".
	1041	In the specification of a system with step-functions present, the latter cannot be specified by differential equation form. It seems that our equations for the system must be in form { dx_i/dt = f_i(x;y), y'_i = a_i+b_istp{V_i(x;y)} } or { x_i = F_i(x⁰;y;t), y'_i = a_i+b_istp{V_i(x;y)} }. And as these define the future behaviour of the x's, and as in any case they can usually be solved only numerically, we might as well leave them in this state. (Compare 1048) (Better 1086)
	1043	Later we shall have to show how we can break down the minute rigidity of our dynamic systems, where the minutest change has to be put in and may lead to something profoundly different. Suggested way of doing it.
15-Sep-41	1044	The V-surface of a step-function cannot have a free edge.
15-Sep-41	1045	Substitutions may, perhaps, define an infinite continuous group.
	1046	"Simplicity", "wholeness", etc are perhaps clarified by the discussion above.
26-Sep-41	1047	The idea that "orderliness" or "intelligence" spreads like crystallisation is probably covered more correctly by the more precise idea that it is "reaching neutral point and stopping still" which spreads along a chain of dominance.
29-Sep-41	1051	Differential equations with step-functions are fundamentally unsolvable.
	1053	The concept of "breaks" by itself is not sufficient to cause any emergence of adaptation or intelligence. Brain, i.e. a machine of particular type, is necessary. (See 1063)
29-Sep-41	1055	Examples are given in ordinary machinery of "change of organisation" and "break". Both are rare.
2-Oct-41	1056	Our definition of "dominance" of 960 is correct. See 1077 for a fuller survey.
4-Oct-41	1057	The idea of a system, like the brain, altering its own organisation necessarily implies the presence of step-functions and breaks.
24-Oct-41	1059	One stage in our long journey is finished and solved: the 'exact' case, i.e. an organisation where we are given full and exact information about every little detail.
18-Nov-41	1061	It is shown conclusively that "isomorphism" does not necessarily imply "group".
19-Nov-41	1062	Some examples are given showing how a statement may be quite true about the whole and yet quite untrue of all the parts.
2-Dec-41	1064	Although a general system has no tendency to survival by adaptive behaviour, yet a "brain" has. Details are given. (see 1068)
	1065	A definition of 'organisation' is given which covers both dynamic, machine, organisations, and static, pattern ones.
1-Dec-41	1066	An "organisation", by the definition of the previous page, need not be a group.
	1067	Formulae are given in the special case where one variable always moves towards some function of the other variables.
8-Mar-42	1074	Actual equations are constructed giving the theoretical views of the nervous system in mathematical form. (See 1092)
8-Mar-42	1077	A discussion is given of the meaning of the "change of organisation" (if any) which occurs when a system settles at a new neutral point without change of the field. i.e. a variable, without change of field, going outside the "range of stability" of one neutral point. A complete clarification is given, together with its relation to my previous ideas of "breaks".
22-Mar-42	1083	The question of "dominance" is still further clarified. I define "immediate", "distant" and "ultimate" dependance. Also "completed matrix of an organisation". "Dominance" (two equivalent definitions). "Parameter" is defined as "dominant and constant". It is proved that if a dominates b, and b dominates c, then a dominates c.
	1086	A method is given for changing the abrupt h'=... method of defining a break to an equivalent dh/dt method. This puts the whole system into ordinary differential equation form. The equations are in "normal" form.
	1090	An example of a break is given in substitution form, like 991.
	1092	"Equilibrium" means not moving out of a given region. (But see 1143)
25-Apr-42	1095	"Break-surfaces" are examined and some properties noted.
	1098	A statement is given of the theorem that a multilayer of break surfaces "encourages" the representative point to stay in that region.
15-May-42	1099	It might be suggested that with a million neurons the chance of getting them all properly adjusted is negligibly small. The answer is that there is usually no such thing as the right solution. We count as suitable any organisation whatsoever so long as it gets the equilibrium where we want it.
18-May-42	1100	After studying the fixed points in a dynamic world (i.e. neutral points) I presume the next step would be to take a lot of neutral points and set them moving.
4-Jun-42	1102	A layer of break surfaces keeps within bounds not only the variables concerned, but any other variable which is a direct function of them.
7-Jun-42	1106	A variable may add further break-surfaces for its further protection by deputising, i.e. by controlling another variable so that the latter breaks if the first goes too far. And this leads to the important observation that it does not matter where or why a break occurs as long as it occurs. From my point of view, all that is wanted is some change of organisation and it doesn't matter how or why it is done. Any change is as good as any other change.
	1109	We discover how to join and unjoin two machines. Also we notice that if a machine is at a neutral point it is possible, under restricted conditions, to separate and rejoin without disturbing the state of equilibrium.
	1114	If a machine with variables x has break-variables h with V-surfaces which surround an x region, and if we join this to any machine y, then the presence of the h's and the V's will tend to keep the x's within the V-region. And when the machine has settled to equilibrium, disconnecting the machine y and putting on another one, z (or changing parameters R) merely starts the x-machine changing its organisation again until it has found a new equilibrium, with the x's still inside the V-region. O.K., O.K!
	1118	A list of examples of equilibrium in biology.
9-Jul-42	1122	If two environments keep occurring, a system will break till it finds an organisation making it stable to both.
9-Jul-42	1123	"Reaction" is divided into "response" and "variation".
9-Jul-42	1123	The intrinsic form of a substitution might prove interesting.
16-Jul-42	1127	It is concluded that if a whole is to be (almost) separated into two parts, the variables concerned at the "join" must be (almost) constant. Delay is not an important factor.
16-Jul-42	1127	After all these years I conclude that "vectors" are not what I want.
	1132	Some musings on bicycle riding.
6-Sep-42	1134	Preliminary discussion of a machine falling, temporarily, into parts.
2-Oct-42	1135	We want to get adaptation on a scale, so that we can show that systems, under certain conditions, will move from lesser to greater adaptation.
14-Oct-42	1136	A statement of my present emotional position.
	1140	If an organisation stops at a field which is only partly stable this does not really matter; for if the danger of breaking is large, it will soon break and try new fields, while if the danger is small then there is little to worry about.
31-Oct-42	1141	n breaks provide 2ⁿ organisations. To give 10 different organisations every second throughout a man's life we need only 35 breaks!
	1142	Does the acquisition of a new reaction upset all the older one's as demanded by my theory? The answer seems to be "yes" but it may in some cases be of zero extent.
31-Oct-42	1143	Each single environment is a (hyper) complex number.
	1148	The definition of "equilibrium" is taken up from 1092, and made much more precise. It is concluded that it belongs to a path A special type of common occurrence is defined and given the name of "normal" equilibrium.
	1153	(1) Changing coordinates in two machines is apt to make one of them. (2) Changing to normal coordinates splits a machine into independent parts. (Cf. 3868)
19-Nov-42	1155	A review of Jenning's book.
20-Nov-42	1156	The "constants" i.e. variables whose changes make observed behaviour may themselves be activities composed of other variables. And these "constants" whose changes make.... This needs specifying from the organisational point of view. (See 1193)
22-Nov-42	1157	A refinement of the definition of "organisation".
22-Nov-42	1157	"Memory" equals change of organisation.
22-Nov-42	1158	"Adapted" behaviour equals the behaviour of any system around a point of normal equilibrium. (1148)
24-Nov-42	1159	All my theory explains the "trial and error" method in terms of non-living matter. All that, but nothing more.
	1160	Courant's definition of equilibrium. On closer reading, as R and ρ may be small to any degree, it appears that Courant's definition does not allow finite cycles like that of 1144.
	1174	The sheets give the mathematical theory up to about Oct '42; but, of cource, not at all completely.
28-Nov-42	1176	A clarification of the concept of a "break-surface".
28-Nov-42	1176	The conditioned reflex is not clear yet.
28-Nov-42	1177	A field can be explored easily, but break-surfaces are destroyed by their discovery. This may involve curious philosophical properties.
	1180	Dynamic systems are, in general, fundamentally irreversible.
1-Feb-43	1181	The concept of "break" does not need that of "irreversibility".
8-Feb-43	1182	Theory has been submitted for publication for the third time.
	1187	The concept of "a reflex" is translated into my organisational terminology.
20-Feb-43	1189	A dominating system can control the position of break-surfaces of a second system.
	1198	It has been shown that a representative point, staying within a region bounded by a layer of break-surfaces, can act as a "variable" in a substitution composed of n such points provided the representative points move with a velocity of a higher "order" than that of the substitution. "Order" is defined and explained. The ordinary substitution can be considered as the limit of this type.
	1200	A discussion of a simple reflex along my lines.
25-Feb-43	1201	"Adaptation" is more properly divided into: the adapted state after this has been reached, and the process of finding this state.
8-Apr-43	1209	We study how adaptation can increase qualitatively, and are led to define and examine "part-function" and "part-surface". (Continued 1219)
	1217	The number of possible ways of organising n variables is at last answered. It is of the order of \|n
	1218	An interesting elementary substitution is described. It demonstrates paths going to infinity and neutral cycles. (Better 3776)
15-Apr-43	1219	A property of step-functions.
18-Apr-43	1226	A method is described by which a machine can show increasing adaptation, by one part after another getting into equilibrium. A clear explanation of "threshold" and "summation" in the Central Nervous System follows. It is concluded that between a sense organ and the adaptive part a "distributor" must occur. 5345
	1233	An attempt is made to classify and exhaust the causes of non-adaptation; but it seems that non- adaptation must be taken as fundamental, adaptation occuring only if there is some special reason for it.
	1244	Arrangement and collected materials for my book.
	1247	Discusses the application of the concept of the "invariant" of a substitution.
	1254	Notes on adaptation to "internal" environment; and an example of how a set of adaptations can collapse.
	1257	Huxley's book reviewed, and proof that a holistic set must be altered by infinitesimal steps.
4-Jun-43	1259	We have a right to expect that normal equilibrium will be commoner than other sorts
9-Jun-43	1265	Part-functions and step-functions should be defined as special types of path in a field.
	1267	Whittaker defines "equilibrium" and also a "neutral cycle".
	1282	We have got a grip of "part-function", finding that it depends simply on zero values of dx_i/dt.
30-Jun-43	1283	Some points from a book.
	1292	A description is given of relations between differential equations and solutions when certain variables are not present in some of the equations. Two matrices \|f\| and \|F\| are defined. Particularly it is shown that the "independence" test of p applies to either.
	1295	A view of Levy's book. He specifically notices that breaks are an essential feature of matter and not a trivial one.
20-Jul-43	1297	The concept of "dominance" involves an inverted way of looking at things, and is better replaced by the same variables being "independent of the others" in a system.
21-Jul-43	1298	We may not write arbitrary functions in the solutions x_i=F_i(x^o;t), for the f's are to be free from t. This means that there are restrictions on the F's, and it is shown that suitable F's will satisfy certain equations. (Cf. 1315)(and 1341)
	1299	Definition of the First and Second Jacobian matrices of a dynamic system, with a note that "completion" applies to the Second and not the First.
23-Jul-43	1304	A review of Carrel's "Man, the unknown".
24-Jul-43	1306	The concept of "parameter" should be replaced, (except in simple cases), by the idea of a variable having some special properties, These are given. The fundamental is [x^-_k=0]. (But see 1324)
	1316	Exploring the interaction of a given set of variables means finding the F's in x_i=F_i(x^o;t). (Assembling a machine gives us the [x^o_i=f_i(x)] equations). By the independence test on the Second Jacobian Matrix applied in one stroke we eliminate what is not wanted. That its behaviour is reproducible is equivalent to the requirement that t is explicitly absent from the f's. This restricts possible F's. An equation is given which they must satisfy. It is proved that under these conditions the F's are always completed.
27-Jul-43	1318	"Step-function" in practice is not usually so restricted as on 1279.
	1320	At last an exact meaning can be given to the idea of whether one variable does, or does not, affect another. It can only be tested when the complete system containing the affected one is obtained. A set, independant of the others, contained in a complete set, must itself be complete.
	1321	Nil.
	1323	A definition of a complete system, and some elementary properties.
1-Aug-43	1324	Parameters which are regarded as constant "variables" thereby lose some freedom, perhaps too much sometimes.
	1326	A single permanent zero in [f] introduces a slight, permanent restriction in the field.
1-Aug-43	1327	The non-zero elements in [f] correspond, in a sense, to dendrons.
	1334	The chance that n variables should all independently be in equilibrium is discussed and this gives an estimate of the time required to reach equilibrium. The fastest method of getting equilibrium will be the one found in practice, for the system selects the fastest. And this suggests that the brain will automatically manifest an "analysing" tendency.
	1340	The environment (probably) consists of many small complete systems contained in larger complete systems, etc slow time changes upsetting all. Two more ways of graduating adaptation are noted. The dynamic form of "whole" and "part" is clarified.
	1344	The solutions of a complete system form a finite continuous group of order one.
	1346	Notes from Bieberbach on finite continuous groups.
	1350	Variables changing at different orders of velocity hardly interact. A study of interaction must therefore assume the variables are of the same order of velocity (Now turn to 1474!)
7-Aug-43	1353	The relations of "complete sets which contain complete sets which ..." can be shown accurately by an isomorphic diagram.
	1357	Assuming each variable has a fixed chance of getting equilibrium, it is shown that a system of n₁, variables dominating n₂ will in 1-p^n₂ cases get equilibrium by getting it in the n₁ and then in the n₂, while in p^n₂ cases it will get the whole simultaneously, the latter proportion being vanishingly small. Experiment will therefore demonstrate the equilibrium appearing in stages.
9-Aug-43	1359	An unsolved problem in organisation. (Now see 1420)
11-Aug-43	1367	If a complete system has n variables and r parameters [x^-_i=f_i(x;λ)], then the λ's can, from given starting point, control the movement of the x-point within an r-dimensional space which moves with time through the n-space, but the λ's cannot control the movement of the r-space. (Now see 1376)
11-Aug-43	1370	A Permanent zero in the 1st. Jacobian Matrix, i.e. incomplete joining, means that a sudden change of the variables does not immediately alter the path as projected on to the other variable's axis. (Continued 1372)
	1371	The 1st Jacobian Matrix (1) cannot be filled in arbitrarily (2) does not accurately specify a dynamic system.
	1373	If each break (a) depends only on one variable, (b) affects, or appears in only that variables' f, then each variable will become stabilised almost independently of the others. Under these conditions the time taken by n is of the order of log n.
13-Aug-43	1376	As first approximation, the "largest of a sample of n" tends to increase as log n.
	1377	If r parameters controlling a complete system are arbitrarily under our control, then we can, by controlling the parameters, force an arbitrarily selected set of r variables to behave as we chose. The detailed control can, so to speak, be transmitted through the many other variables without any loss of control!
16-Aug-43	1378	Note from Eddington.
	1389	The problem of several complete systems joining into an interacting system without losing (entirely) their completeness is discussed and partially solved.
19-Aug-43	1392	The solutions are given of the problems of: Given the f's (or the F's), to find the F's (or the f's).
20-Aug-43	1396	A proof, with modern technique, of the old problem, showing that two stable machines can be joined to form an unstable one.
21-Aug-43	1400	A test to see whether a neutral point is stable or unstable. (Test for neutral cycle, 1494)
	1407	The old case of several variables affecting one another chain-fashion is re-examined. It is shown that if an "increase" leads back to a "decrease" the system will be stable, though probably with oscillations (of decreasing amplitude). If it leads to an "increase" the system may still be stable.
23-Aug-43	1409	Contrary to p.____ [0599], the concept of equilibrium does not depend on a circuit.
23-Aug-43	1410	Definition of an "almost" complete system.
	1414	If the study of a complete system of n variables is restricted to some of the variables only, the others being hidden, the behaviour of the visible variables can be predicted correctly when we know any n coordinate-time combinations. A machine may appear to show imagination. (Restated 1424)
	1416	The (real) environment may be absolutely anything. But we can devise theoretical systems to which a given brain could and would adapt, and we then examine the real world to see if such sorts exist.
31-Aug-43	1420	The idea of a "constraint" added to a dynamic system may have meaning with Newtonian dynamics but it has no general meaning. And the idea of thereby losing a "degree of freedom" is also of restricted applicability.
4-Sep-43	1424	It is shown that the "hour-glass" type of organisation will differ little from others in its properties of adaptation.
	1425	If, in a system of n variables complete or not, we are given n coordinate-time pairs, the particular path is fixed.
	1427	Notes from Eisenhart. (Ref. 476)
11-Sep-43	1431	Six definitions of a "complete" system are given and are all proved equivalent.
14-Sep-43	1433	Some references to amoeboid activity in nerve cells.
	1435	The brain is an equilibrium-trap. And if the equilibrium can only occur on certain conditions then the brain will trap those conditions too! 1487.
29-Sep-43	1439	Stabilising some variables almost certainly stabilises those other variables connected with them.
30-Sep-43	1441	More notes on the "hour-glass" case.
1-Oct-43	1442	A definition of transient and permanent equilibria.
	1443	The projections of a path, and the solutions x_i=F_i(x^o,t) are two forms of the same thing.
4-Oct-43	1447	Outline for a book. 1) Introduction 2) Theory of dynamic systems 3) Equilibrium 4) Change of organisation 5) Breaks (up to the theorem on layers) 6) Further developments.
5-Oct-43	1462	Complete systems containing complete systems etc, is the same as a chain of dominances.
	1464	Of the methods available for solving my differential equations, some apply generally, and some only to complete systems.
6-Oct-43	1466	It is believed that the theorems relating zeros in [f] and [F] to each other is still valid if the system is not complete.
6-Oct-43	1467	It is proved that, if they are complete systems, then if A dominates B and B C, then A dominates C.
	1468	It seems best to define whether one variable "affects" another as whether F_i contains (or not) x^o_i
8-Oct-43	1470	A simple practical example of the "hour-glass" type of organisation.
	1473	An actual numerical example showing that a path can be fixed by using later values of a few observable variables.
	1475	Orders of velocity make complete systems.
15-Oct-43	1476	The shift is calculated, of a neutral point as a result of small changes in parameters.
15-Oct-43	1477	How to use my theoretical discovery for practical purposes. "Organisers, Ltd". "You want the best organisation, we have them."
15-Oct-43	1480	The idea of "adaptation" is one which we bring to the data: it does not exist in the facts themselves. Any attempt to treat it as a reality leads to self-contradiction. It is analogous to "magnifying". 4930
19-Oct-43	1494	A superb theorem, much more general than that of 1113, and much more precise. It includes the other theorem as a sub-case.
20-Oct-43	1497	A test, and example, for stability or instability of a neutral cycle.
21-Oct-43	1498	Reasons for changing the form of the index.
23-Oct-43	1503	In a complete system variables may be changed for derivatives and the system is still complete. In this way reference to particular variables may be avoided without spoiling the completeness.
23-Oct-43	1503	"Step-function" is an official word in general use.
	1506	The theorem of 1493 is unaltered by any change of variables. The essential equilibrium facts of a field are unaltered by change of variables. (Further tested 1512)
26-Oct-43	1512	1506 is confirmed, that a change of variables does not generally affect the applicability of the theorem of 1493.
27-Oct-43	1515	Variables cannot be exchanged for derivatives when the conditions of 1493 are to hold.
28-Oct-43	1516	The substitution of derivatives for variables is apt to lead to troubles due to multiple values, and must be used with caution.
	1519	In the hour-glass type of organisation substitute variables will be set up, as required by the theorem of 1493. They are found to be just a different way of looking at the variables!
	1522	The theorem of 1493 is easily extendible to the case where there are a number of parameters altering arbitrarily from time to time. In this case we get a set of organisations as limit.
6-Nov-43	1524	James stating that a machine cannot vary its behaviour.
8-Nov-43	1525	Levy supports my view that knowledge of a real dynamic system is purely empirical.
8-Nov-43	1525	Notes from Bradley's book.
9-Nov-43	1526	The problem of the "distributor" solved, in essence.
	1529	A few notes on the important question of exposition.
3-Dec-43	1531	The presence of "velocity" or "inertia" effects in an artificial nervous system merely means that the "environment" is rather more complicated than it would appear to be.
	1532	Some details about getting a system of my type started.
11-Dec-43	1535	Fisher's book.
22-Dec-43	1538	A first attempt at a theory of selective operators.
1-Jan-44	1540	An "instant" system is defined. A non-instant system must be part of an instant and complete system, and can be made instant by adding differences, or derivatives as extra variables. (Better proof, 2031)
	1541	Two notes on exposition.
11-Jan-44	1548	The elementary ideas on systems and their behaviour is thoroughly tidied up and clarified.
	1553	The properties of non-complete systems are described.
	1554	An attempt to find the effect on the field of permanent zeros in the first Jacobian matrix.
11-Jan-44	1555	Two problems for the future are noted.
12-Jan-44	1561	A very precise statement of my basic theorems. (but see 1564)
	1562	A proof that finite continuous groups have differential equations not containing t explicitly.
22-Jan-44	1564	The word "absolute" seems better than the "complete" already used.
	1570	A very economical proof of the main elementary theorems by defining and using "commutive" systems. "Restricted" equilibrium is defined.
	1571	A useful approximation for finding p and P.
	1572	The smallest value of p ever likely to be used is estimated. Also a common value.
2-Feb-44	1573	Theorem B is rejected.
2-Feb-44	1573	A field.
2-Feb-44	1574	The study of the graduation of adaptation seems to be essentially empirical and unsystematic.
	1576	It is shown that a "spontaneous change of organisation" implies the presence of a step-function of the time. (The change defines the step-function).
18-Feb-44	1578	Absoluteness is not altered by separating or joining machines.
	1581	In an absolute system, knowing the behaviour of the parts (and the method of assembly) specifies the behaviour of the whole; and vice versa.
19-Feb-44	1582	Observation provides x_i=F_i(x^o;t), the derivative form is - er - derived; method given.
27-Feb-44	1585	An attempt at the analytical expression of a part-function.
27-Feb-44	1586	The least possible join of two absolute systems is that they should share a common step-function.
27-Feb-44	1587	Convenient equations in the technique of joining and separating parts and wholes.
27-Feb-44	1588	A symbolic way of writing step-functions.
28-Feb-44	1589	An actual example of "distribution".
29-Feb-44	1591	The mere presence of part-functions in a system allows variables to be active in some reactions and inert in others.
	1592	In a commutive system with many part functions, distribution will occur, because it is more probable.
5-Mar-44	1593	"Equilibrium" is an invariant. It belongs only to an absolute system.
8-Mar-44	1594	If reactions are to adapt independently, the breaks must be restricted to the regions of part-functions.
18-Mar-44	1596	A better proof that chance of equilibrium, other things being equal, falls off as e^-kn. This means nothing, for p means nothing definite.
	1598	Definitions are given of "part-functions", "activated" and "activation-region". It is shown that activations are localised, that different paths may cause different variables to become activated, and that a part-function can cause a break only when activated.
8-Apr-44	1602	Two or more [variables] which are always stable apart may be unstable when joined. (Inverse, 1658) (Note 1665)
	1613	The principle of Le Chatelier is examined in detail and given exact mathematical form. It appears that it is an emperical peculiarity of the equi;ibria of physical chemistry and is in no way general to all equilibria.
	1617	It is sometimes possible to fix the value of some variables in a machine. Details are given of the process of adding another machine to act as "stabiliser" to a variable.
	1620	In a commutive system, if we keep returning x_ρ to a we shall eventually get, and keep, a field which stabilises x_ρ at, or near, a.
19-Apr-44	1622	The conditioned reflex is an elementary property of a commutive system when a variable is repeatedly forced to take a given value. (Much improved 1981)
19-Apr-44	1625	The probability that a system should have an equilibrium cannot be deduced from the probabilities of the parts being in equilibrium. The case where they combine as a product is likely to be common and important but it must be introduced as a specific postulate.
19-Apr-44	1626	The layering of the cerebral cortex may be explained as required for wide distribution.
24-Apr-44	1627	A note on exposition.
28-Apr-44	1628	"Disturbance" and "ingressive" are defined.
30-Apr-44	1629	Collected notes and references on "invariance".
	1635	A proof is given that: If a random displacement y₁ , y₂ , ... , y_n with probability distribution df=Φ(y₁ , ... , y_n) dy₁ ... dy_n is added to a point at X₁, ..., X_n then the probability that it (i.e. X₁+y₁ , ... , X_n+y_n) should still be within a space V is maximal if, and only if, X₁ ... X_n satisfy the equation (8). (See next note).
2-May-44	1637	If a field (provided by a commutive system with break-surfaces) has maximal probability of not breaking after random disturbance, then it is of normal equilibrium and the paths must meet at the point X₁ ... X_n (defined in the previous note).
5-May-44	1638	Equilibrial features are not the only ones in a field which persist after change of coordinates. Thus, the meeting of two paths is also invariant.
5-May-44	1639	Disturbances must usually be applied to a system at a slower order of time than its reactions.
10-May-44	1646	Adding regular random disturbances to a commutive system with layers of break-surfaces increases the probability, at any time, of finding the system with a field of normal equilibrium. [deleted] Correct, but rewritten.
	1657	K₁ and K₂ are defined, also "terminal", "simple" and "displacement". If the fields provided by random h values have K₁ and K₂ values distributed as Φ(K₁ , K₂), then the terminal fields have values distributed as A.K₁Φ(K₁ , K₂). If the terminal fields are displaced from time to time the terminal fields develope distribution B.(K₁/(1-K₂)).Φ(K₁ , K₂). (Graph 1698) (Corollary 1705)
19-May-44	1659	Any number of unstable systems joined must be unstable.
31-May-44	1664	A dynamic organisation has, as a whole, the extra properties (over those possessed by the parts): that the Neutral Points can be restricted to sets; that a field may be stable though some of the units unstable; that the field has a neutral cycle. (There may be more).
31-May-44	1665	Two machines may form a whole which is stable if they were joined one way, and unstable if joined the other.
	1666	Two stable machines may be unstable when joined if either contains more than one variable.
9-Jun-44	1668	A review of Craik's book. And a statement of the present position, re publishing, of my theory.
	1671	An attempt to handle the similarity of machine to machine. "Equiformal" defined.
10-Jun-44	1673	A proof is given that the commutive process must increase the mean of K₁.
15-Jun-44	1675	If K₁ and K₂ are uncorrelated, then disturbances give fields with K₂ always increased.
15-Jun-44	1679	Proof that a non-activated variable, in contact only with other non-activated variables, cannot become activated.
	1684	A "distributive" system is defined. Three theorems are given, including one showing rigorously how adaptation can proceed by parts in such a system.
	1689	I am unable at present to get a satisfactorily rigorous test for independence when there are part-functions present. [But see 1748]
22-Jun-44	1692	A test of independence both necessary and sufficient, is deduced from x_i=e^tXx^o_i. Although the rigour of application to arbitary functions is doubtful, it leads to the same results as the previous test.
	1695	A proof that non-activated variables cannot transmit effects. (Much better proof 1921)
24-Jun-44	1698	Much human behaviour is reaction to an internal environment: anxiety. (Cf. 1877)
25-Jun-44	1700	A graph of the multiplying factor K₁/(1-K₂). (Another aspect, 1705)
	1704	With linear equations, control of the coefficient of one variable is enough to enable us to put the roots and the neutral point where we like.
	1707	The distribution of K₂ after disturbance is given in terms of the original distribution and the means of K₁ at each K₂-value.
19-Jul-44	1708	An example of two reactions, each quite adaptive, which are in unstable equilibrium if joined.
21-Jul-44	1710	Some details contributed by Carroll.
22-Jul-44	1715	For K₂ among the terminal fields to be 1, i.e. for the fields to be immune to disturbance, it is necessary and sufficient either that K₂=1 in the original fields or, if K₂≠1, that Φ(K₁ K₂), for some value of K₁ other than K₁=0 should have, at K₂=1, a pole of order ≥1. The most interesting corollary is that if any fields in Φ have K₂=1, then these monopolise the terminal fields.
	1717	It must be carefully remembered that the physicist always tries to use knowledge from every source about a given dynamic system while I am rigorously confined to studying systems by observing only their behaviour.
30-Jul-44	1720	The possibility of giving some of the variables a fixed value and letting others vary is functionally identical with taking the machine to pieces.
	1721	Some other people's quotations on equilibrium.
	1723	Extracts from a book.
2-Aug-44	1725	In an absolute system (variables x₁ ... x_K ... x_n) of fixed organisation [x^~_i = f_i(x)], that a subsystem (variables x₁ ... x_K) should itself be absolute (the other variables x_K+1 ... x_n being given all random starting points in the testing) it is necessary and sufficient that f₁ ... f_K should not change for any or all changes of x_K+1 ... x_n.
3-Aug-44	1729	A proof that step-functions are necessary, as well as sufficient, to get changes of organisation of a subsystem in an absolute system.
11-Aug-44	1731	Pavlov says that adaptation and survival equals equilibrium.
14-Aug-44	1734	James describes the facts of adaptation = equilibrium without calling it such.
19-Aug-44	1736	Quotations demonstrating field experiments clearly as examples of my type of system.
	1739	Known examples in physics of my type of absolute system, one of which shows dominance.
5-Sep-44	1740	Two notes from a book.
19-Sep-44	1744	A note on exposition.
20-Sep-44	1745	Another example of selection leading automatically to adaptation.
	1746	An outline of quantum theory.
28-Oct-44	1801	Two points on applications to society.
1-Nov-44	1803	Note on exposition.
2-Nov-44	1804	The ordinary pendulum is not stable if we are referring to both position and velocity
3-Nov-44	1805	Useful quotations.
	1806	There is no limit to the number of variables which have to be fixed to get an isolated or absolute system.
5-Nov-44	1810	Notes on effect of fixing an economic variable. This may make a stable system unstable. Spur of joined machines. (see 1910) and (1995 bottom)
11-Nov-44	1811	A detailed non-linear use.
18-Nov-44	1813	Effect on a field of fixing a variable.
	1822	(Under conditions) two linear systems are equiformal if and only if they have the same characteristic equation.
	1826	Examples of a system tending to restore previous constants.
9-Dec-44	1827	Another actual absolute system.
9-Dec-44	1829	Equation of the plane which contains n consecutive points.
18-Dec-44	1836	Review of Spencer, with useful quotations.
	1839	Independence over two regions.
22-Dec-44	1840	Several parts, all unstable, can form a stable whole. (Simple example 2044)
7-Jan-45	1844	Routh's test for stability. (Ready for use, 1862)
12-Jan-45	1846	The probability of stability is in general unsolvable, but certain special cases might be attacked again later. (Continued 1868)
19-Jan-45	1848	Some facts which any organisation must stabilise.
	1849	Stability, and not mere fixity, is needed in society, even if only to deal with small errors.
	1851	Unstable equilibrium in a society.
22-Jan-45	1853	Some suggestions for a word to mean "survival-value". Note on selective operators.
	1856	A machine that learns.
22-Jan-45	1857	Part-function is now redefined.
2-Feb-45	1860	If there are many commutive systems sometimes affecting one another, and a parameter taking several values affects one of them, the fields in that one resulting have maximal survival-probability when all the neutral points are in the same place. (See next note) (see 1942)
5-Feb-45	1862	It is to be remembered that Fisher's book was highly successful though no formal proofs are given anywhere.
7-Feb-45	1864	Routh's test for stability given in immediately usable form.
9-Feb-45	1867	The relations of independences and activations of part-functions.
	1870	There is good reason to assume that the chance of stable equilibrium will often fall off as (1/2)ⁿ.
12-Feb-45	1875	For a system to get adapted by parts, it is proved necessary that most of the features of a distributive must be present; i.e. there is no other way. (Improved, 1985)
18-Feb-45	1877	Sex activity by my theory must result in a lowering of impulse-density.
18-Feb-45	1879	Two adaptations may be better than two independent adaptations.
19-Feb-45	1880	In future, I hope to effect an improvement in literary style.
	1892	Mendelian and neuronic adaptations compared and contrasted.
20-Feb-45	1893	"Dominant and recessive" applied to a distributive system.
28-Feb-45	1895	A dynamic system must definitely either proceed to equilibrium or to infinity.
10-Mar-45	1900	It seems that, if A dominates B, no examination of B's behaviour can reveal the organisation of A. To "examine" B means that the observer forms an hour-glass system with it.
	1905	In forming a big organisation the process must be (1) to list the main* variables, (2) to attempt stability by the same number of completely independent commutive systems, (3) with variables which refuse to get stable, add small joins, letting them be few in number and simple in type (i.e. step-functions). [* Now called 'essential', not 'main'.]
27-Mar-45	1909	Usable extracts from Sherrington's "Life's unfolding".
3-Apr-45	1916	Extract of Schrödinger.
	1919	For the world to be suitable to be adapted to, it must contain a large proportion of part-functions.
21-Apr-45	1922	Inactive variables cannot transmit effects, either from other variables or from bounds. (Converse 1977)
	1924	Masserman on what happens when an animal meets a deliberately chaotic environment.
6-May-45	1926	"Break" is better "saltus".
6-May-45	1928	Quotation from Wells. Note on the basic meaning of "organisation".
9-May-45	1934	Simple, worked-out examples for exposition.
11-May-45	1941	A further list of correspondences between genetic and neuronic adaptation.
12-May-45	1943	In a distributive system, if from time to time certain variables are constrained to certain values, the variables will tend to become in equilibrium at those values. (Better 2015) Also 1981, 2011, 2012
28-May-45	1946	So far I have discovered five basic operators and their variants.
17-Jun-45	1947	The peculiarities of a system (may) impose "drifts" on the field, to which any path must conform.
	1953	Exposition.
	1959	Points on exposition.
	1966	My misunderstandings, taken from my own notes, which must be well explained lest they become the reader's, too.
3-Jul-45	1967	Some points after reading all my back notes.
4-Jul-45	1968	A very practical note on nomenclature in exposition. (Continued next note)
	1972	New nomenclature and slogans.
	1975	Better to think of constancy than activation; and of separation rather than distribution. The idea of a "movement dying out" is shown due to the fact that a common region of constancy is a resting region.
	1978	A theorem that if a variable, properly joined to others, does not transmit an effect it must be constant (or possibly, changing uniformly). (Converse of 1921)
26-Jul-45	1980	Handling part-functions.
26-Jul-45	1983	Explanation of the simple conditioned reflex. "Traffic" Principle. (2240, 4596)
26-Jul-45	1984	"Signals" and Jennings' "Law of the resolution of physiological states" are now explained.
28-Jul-45	1986	An improvement on the theorem about what is necessary in a multistable system.
30-Jul-45	1988	For independence test, we must find ∑_ρ=1..n-1[f]^ρ. The old method of Lim_ρ→∞[f]^ρ is rejected. See 2054
1-Aug-45	1991	It is decided that a 1st Jacobian matrix (J.M.) cannot be accepted as physically real unless, for each i, not all a_ii , a_iσ a_σi , ... are zero. This is necessary and sufficient that the 2nd J.M. has all main-diagonal elements non-zero and this is the simplest test for it. It follows that a more correct form of the relation is ∑_1..n[f]^ρ=[F], the sum including the n-th power. This last power adds any missing diagonal terms. See 2056
5-Aug-45	1994	A clarification of interaction where one reaction uses another. "Dominance" is really a negative concept. Ultrastability is not enough, we must have multistability. A "helping" B, and B "using" A are really the same thing.
5-Aug-45	1995	More extended tests of the chance of stability.
	1996	Empirical study of the effect of fixing variables in stable systems.
	2000	Multistable system defined in new form. Theorem in modern form proves possibility of adaptation by parts.
	2002	A very crude estimate of the chance, in a multistable system, of getting an adaptation without upsetting previously established adaptations. It suggests the great importance of low activations and the gross disturbance which might follow even a small increase in it. 5416
13-Sep-45	2007	Modern proof of the basic theorem of the multistable system.
13-Sep-45	2011	Elementary rigorous properties of the multistable system, and of part-functions.
13-Sep-45	2011	When bounds in a multistable system are altering, a line's chance of destruction is proportional to the number of variables it activates, and therefore also to its length. (See next note)
17-Sep-45	2014	In a multistable system, with bounds changing at random, shorter lines have greater survival. Under parameter change, resting states have maximal endurance if they coalesce. Hence Habituation. (See below)
	2016	A more rigorous statement and proof of the theorem that repeated constraints on a multistable system lead to the system becoming stable at that state.
7-Oct-45	2019	On play. Also on reactions which look complete and turn out to be simple.
23-Feb-46	2024	Some calculated lines of behaviour of a pendulum from different starting configurations and with various parameter values.
	2027	As working hypothesis it is assumed that "coordination" always means "arranging things so that we get (1) stability (2) where we want it.
24-May-46	2031	Non-instant systems, those with delay, may easily be converted to complete and instant by including derivatives.
5-Jun-46	2034	Details about values, for reference.
5-Jun-46	2035	If A dominates B, and B dominates C, in one complete system, then A must dominate C.
7-Jun-46	2036	The case of the top shoot of a tree dominating the growth of lateral shoots fits into my formulation of "dominance" quite naturally.
22-Jun-46	2040	Clarification of the position when dependence itself depends on other variables.
	2043	An over-all theorem on the stabilities of joined systems.
6-Jun-46	2051	Extracts from Masserman.
15-Jun-46	2053	A simple example of the substitution equation of a complete system, suitable as an elementary exercise.
4-Aug-46	2056	An improved statement of the main theorems on independence.
	2059	Answer to "how general is the field of linear equations [x'=Ax] ?"
3-Sep-46	2062	By dealing with averages of many ultrastable systems we arrive at a new order or level of phenomena.
14-Oct-46	2065	An important, though imprecise observation on requirements for a solution of the conditioned reflex problem.
	2066	Detailed example showing the roots moving with change of one coefficient in [x'=Ax]
	2070	Notes on one parameter groups.
19-Nov-46	2072	Effect on latent roots of adding constant to main diagonal, how to move all latent roots to right or left, and a new test for stability.
25-Nov-46	2080	Principles and details for a machine to be absolute, show ultrastability, etc. (see 2095, 2161, 2182 etc)
	2081	Experiment.
	2083	Simple units with output a linear function of the inputs are sufficiently general provided we can control also their general speed of working.
	2085	I suspect that any change in timing of a reaction really means learning a new reaction, i.e. new arcs developed.
21-Dec-46	2090	Electro-mechanical equiformality.
	2091	The important thing is to push to the limit and then make this a new starting point.
	2093	Latent roots of [2x2 matrix: 0 I a 0].
31-Dec-46	2100	A theoretical study of a Unit devised, and part built, by myself. (Further, 2161, 2182)
31-Dec-46	2102	Details for setting the machine of 2094 to correspond to assigned set of coefficients in [x'=Ax].
1-Jan-47	2103	Importance of echo impulses.
	2104	To demonstrate importance of echo impulses
9-Jan-47	2107	Practical notes for use when converting known systems to differential equations in absolute form.
14-Jan-47	2113	Notes the effect of altering the general speed of reaction of one variable.
15-Jan-47	2114	Example of stability in the non-linear case.
15-Jan-47	2117	Equations of a simple dynamic system.
22-Jan-47	2122	The dynamic system which controls the pH of the blood exhibited in my form, as illustration.
	2124	A method of getting an approximate solution to non-linear differential equations.
26-Jan-47	2126	A physical example of the principle that when a change needs a rare combination to make it possible, it will usually occur by some other way, in stages. (Cf. 2329)
	2131	The dynamics of chemical systems.
10-Feb-47	2144	A study of dynamic systems which are themselves processes, like the Bunsen burner.
10-Feb-47	2145	A new way in which one absolute system can be derived from another.
11-Feb-47	2147	In the study of enzyme systems and chemical dynamics, the equations of 2130 are the ultimate foundation: they are the bricks out of which further knowledge is to be built.
13-Feb-47	2152	Equations tying the variables in the systems of chemical dynamics.
15-Feb-47	2158	Principles for the experimental study of the dynamics of chemical systems.
	2159	Example of coordination and training as equilibrium in a dynamic system.
	2162	Further practical details for making a unit. (See 2182)
22-Mar-47	2165	Chemical dynamics and thermodynamics.
26-Mar-47	2169	Instability and threshold in chemical dynamics with catalysts.
20-Apr-47	2174	The Adams- Bashforth method for numerical integration of ant simultaneous ordinary differential equations.
	2175	Exposition. Clear ideas can be transmitted to a listener who does not know the argument by language only simple and direct. (What a sentence!)
26-Apr-47	2180	A number of interesting points from Richardson's book.
3-May-47	2181	The various "constancies" of the body, so carefully maintained (homeostasis), are also separations and independencies. This needs further investigation. (See 2314)
14-May-47	2183	A workable unit has actually been made (second system, other was 2094). (Improved, 2432)
14-May-47	2187	Extracts from book.
19-May-47	2189	Coordination and keeping within limits.
	2194	Pavlov and the conditioned reflex seems to make little contact with my work, chiefly because he allows the dog no interaction with the environment.
	2199	Review of "The wisdom of the body."
	2209	Experiments in learning compared with my theory.
23-Jun-47	2212	The formulation of "signal", "symbol", "association" given vaguely on 786 is confirmed and given more precision.
20-Jul-47	2218	Clarification of "stimulus" and some collected types. (See 2486)
	2221	Look out for linkages in experimental dynamic systems. There are often much closer linkages in the structure of the experiment than seems at first sight. Several parameter often turn out to be one parameter.
21-Jul-47	2227	Independence by delay. (See below) (Another example 2229)
	2231	The mathematical core of "association". (Example next page)
25-Jul-47	2235	An attempted explanation of "association" on an actual experiment.
27-Jul-47	2238	Some elementary observations on the organism-environment relation.
28-Jul-47	2239	A stimulus is many stimuli.
29-Jul-47	2241	If a variable of an ultrastable system is repeatedly forced to take a particular value arbitrarily, then the resting state tends to develop with the variable at that value.
2-Aug-47	2242	It is dangerous for an ultrastable system to move. (4596)
7-Sep-47	2245	The multistable reserve.
17-Sep-47	2246	A clear example of my concept of "independence".
17-Sep-47	2247	Neurosis as instability.
	2263	A linear dynamic system can be forced to beat at any frequency.
30-Oct-47	2270	A good example of the principle of the differential equation and its integration suitable for non-mathematicians. (See also 2278)
2-Nov-47	2271	In the exposition of scientific matter, style is even more important than usual.
5-Nov-47	2274	Notes the relations between my dynamic theory and the methods used in electrical circuit theory.
5-Nov-47	2276	Neuronic patterns are always breaking up and being laid down. The new ones are formed in relation to those persisting.
6-Nov-47	2277	A theory of G.P.I. [general paralysis of the insane] delusions.
8-Nov-47	2279	Two variations on the theme of 2269.
10-Nov-47	2280	Every vestige of claim and boast must be eliminated, being replaced by equivalent facts, or dropped.
11-Nov-47	2282	Quotations.
14-Nov-47	2284	Two points in exposition.
16-Nov-47	2287	Exposition.
18-Nov-47	2288	Exposition.
	2291	Interaction in the multistable system.
4-Dec-47	2299	The effects on stability of the intrinsic stabilities of the units forming the whole. If, as is usual, these are all stable, there tends to be an extra stabilising effect on the whole.
10-Dec-47	2302	Examples of schizophrenics being displaced further from homeostasis by chemical stimuli. And a note of an objection.
16-Dec-47	2305	An "intelligent" machine must adjust more parameters than have been specified in its design. It is not clear whether my machine passes this test. (Cf. 2315)
	2307	Some very simple "variables" do not change, i.e. [x'=0]. These are what used to be called "parameters."
21-Dec-47	2311	Null-, step-, and part-functions are, by definition, already in equilibrium and adjustment is needed only for full functions.
21-Dec-47	2313	"Joining" two machines is essentially a break and rebuild. Null-function theory is fitted.
	2315	Homeostasis is ultimately produced by the gene-pattern, and it protects the gene-pattern from the dangers of the world because the constancy means independence.
24-Dec-47	2316	Feedback.
28-Dec-47	2321	Circuit theory in its relation to my absolute systems and stability; feedback in particular.
	2322	The production of the new compounds of behavior is only interaction and has nothing to do with Intelligence.
1-Jan-48	2324	Memory is not necessarily good. Some examples to the contrary.
1-Jan-48	2326	If a stable set is to be found soon, the average number of part-functions activated should not exceed 6-10
	2327	A proof, modernised from 1724, about an absolute system within an absolute system.
3-Jan-48	2328	Absolute system defined more exactly in group form.
10-Jan-48	2330	Numerical example showing how much faster it is to adapt by parts instead of simultaneously
	2331	Chemical proof that fast reactions prevail over slow.
12-Jan-48	2334	The clock recording time must go uniformly though there are special cases where this could be modified.
	2394	Joining units never adds to the system's stability unless they want to "borrow" stability.
19-Jan-48	2395	Matrix representation of part-functions.
	2397	Correction to independence tests.
3-Feb-48	2399	Quotation on the CNS betraying its blindness.
7-Feb-48	2400	Richter believes the basic drives are homeostatic.
8-Feb-48	2401	In large systems the intrinsic stabilities of the units may become less important while the effect of joinings become dominant.
26-Feb-48	2422	Quotation of echo impulses which seem to be absent but are shown present.
29-Feb-48	2424	Making one unit more stable intrinsically may make the whole system less stable or actually unstable. Worked out example. (Fuller discussion 2454, 2458, 2463)
3-Mar-48	2431	Full equations and approximations of the machine. (see below).
13-Mar-48	2433	Reporting progress in the machine. 2435
	2434	Social example of instability.
20-Mar-48	2440	Method for investigating friction coefficients in my machine. (2432)
24-Mar-48	2442	How well does the machine's actual behavior correspond with the settings? (see also 2448, 2452)
28-Mar-48	2443	Memory and multistability.
	2444	Trying to make a system give assigned roots.
14-Apr-48	2447	If there are no feedbacks, a linear dynamic system cannot develope steady oscillations, but more general systems can.
	2449	Relations between stability of the machine and its supposed stability of setting. j→∞ is sufficient to make the behavior tend to the theoretical form. (see 2452)
14-Apr-48	2451	In a multistable system with multiple subsystems, the number of stable subsystems rises exponentially with the time towards its limit.
23-Apr-48	2457	Two much stability gives rigidity and loss of control over other systems stability has an optimum. (Generalised in next two sections).
24-Apr-48	2460	The fault of too much stability proved more generally. Over stability just means slavery.
	2461	Multistable system point.
5-May-48	2466	Equations [x'=f(x)] and x=F(x^o;t) when n→∞.
6-May-48	2469	Definition and test for two patterns of initial displacement, differently sited to be equal. 4148
10-May-48	2485	One factor in multistable systems tend to decrease interaction when two lines are activated simultaneously.
10-May-48	2486	Concept of a "stimulus".
14-May-48	2490	The conditioned reflex and association possibly solved.
	2491	The diagram of immediate effects must conform to the type of experiment.
16-May-48	2497	When null-functions are present we can get absolute systems by either including them or excluding them.
	2498	On "fixing" and "releasing" a variable.
	2504	The ultrastable system shows a tendency to stabilize a variable at a value to which it is repeatedly forced. Cf. 2690
17-May-48	2507	Whenever possible, postulate many independent ultrastable systems rather than one multistable system.
21-May-48	2510	Yet another attempt at the conditioned reflex and association. Cf. 2691
	2512	The concept of "negative feedback" is just too simple to be worth anything. (See also 2524)
3-Jun-48	2523	The ACE, if the operator knows the trick, can imitate the homeostat.
	2524	This concept of negative feedback is most unsuitable as a fundamental concept.
19-Jul-48	2527	Theorem on f's and F's invariant under transformation Φ.
	2528	Biographical note.
20-Jul-48	2530	Systems of (almost) maximal stability (and see below)
27-Jul-48	2531	Systems of maximal stability.
16-Aug-48	2538	My theory explains why nerve cells cannot regenerate.
	3539	Neurofibrils exist.
23-Aug-48	2541	One part of an ultrastable system can act as "trainer" to another part.
23-Aug-48	2542	A snag in the multistable system, which must be answered. (see 2647)
	2547	Exposition.
	2551	In general, if a series of related compound stimuli evoke a series of patterns of activations, we can expect a priori no particular relation between the patterns of activations. Any special relation found to exist must be due to some special arrangement in the machine.
	2554	On "memory" in society.
	2566	Ideas for new homeostat. (continued 2568)
	2581	Constancy is by no means necessary for independence. The latter can be obtained even with gross fluctuation provided it is forced.
14-Jun-49	2583	A system of step-functions reaches a resting state or cycle instantaneously
14-Jun-49	2584	Define the parts and predict the behavior of the whole, not vice versa.
14-Jun-49	2585	Any absolute system can be regarded as built of parts.
14-Jun-49	2585	Constancies are conserved when parts are joined or separated.
17-Jun-49	2586	Fields may, and should, be thought of as bounded and finite in extent.
	2595	Discussion of the stability of a system formed by joining an infinite number of part-functions.
	2597	Response of linear system to an input when its response to a step-function is known.
	2600	Solution of linear differential equations by Laplace transforms.
	2603	Transfer functions and my equations.
	2604	Stability of a chain with feedback. (See also 2621)
13-Jul-49	2605	Nyquist's criterion is merely a convenience. Routh is fundamental
15-Jul-49	2606	Transfer function of a single variable.
16-Jul-49	2608	Oscillation necessarily implies feedback.
	2613	Habituation to a moving stimulus, prediction, and the conditioned reflex.
18-Jul-49	2615	A mechanism for conditioned reflex. Made: 16 Aug '49.
	2616	Evidence that neurons learn and then "fix".
	2617	An extremely simple example of feedback modifying behavior. (See 2729)
	2620	Properties of the relaxation oscillator.
	2622	Weiner's example (2604) amplified. (See next section)
20-Sep-49	2623	Stability of a chain-circuit of variables. (See also 2604)
29-Sep-49	2627	Systems with high selectivity must have long dieaway by cybernetic necessity.
2-Oct-49	2628	Memory in the dogs of the "Tinder Box".
2-Oct-49	2634	The multistable system much clarified.
3-Oct-49	2635	Goal-seeking behavior does not necessarily imply feedback. (Continued, 2643)
	2638	Granit on causalgia.
5-Oct-49	2641	The main properties of the multistable system are proved necessary.
	2642	Canonical equations from the transfer function.
	2645	Goal-seeking behavior does not necessarily imply feedback. (Continued, 2650, 2654)
10-Oct-49	2648	The problem of 2541 ─ that with replicated arcs there is no longer individual correction of the wrong ones ─ may be solved statistically if the brain uses combinations obtained by sampling. 4216
10-Oct-49	2649	Memories may perhaps float. 4155
	2651	Strong goal-seeking usually needs a servo-mechanism. (Continued 2654)
	2656	If a part is to behave with more stability than it has intrinsically, then feedback is necessary.
	2658	Meditations on a new statistical mechanics.
	2667	Machine for Boole's logic.
21-Nov-49	2669	If one or more variables are unobserved, a cycle of parameter-values need not elicit a cycle of observed values.
	2670	An essential feature of the development of the conditional reflex is that an independence changes to dependence.
22-Nov-49	2674	The conditioned reflex cannot be explained this way.
22-Nov-49	2676	A parameter can be localised in action by part-functions.
22-Nov-49	2677	If the observer tries to control a variable he may be forming part of the whole system.
	2678	A "stimulus"is one of a pair of initial states.
	2679	If systems are joined by dominance, the latent roots are unmoved.
	2680	Two possible ways of proving feedback between two sub-systems. Feedback is also proved present if we can find in A a single frequency not found in A + B.
	2684	Some properties of a system of part-functions when a single parameter causes activations by its alternation.
6-Dec-49	2686	A theorem on localised absoluteness.
6-Dec-49	2688	A second stimulation can not only break a field but can save it.
6-Dec-49	2690	Briefly, an adapted system cannot be broken by forcing it to do what it was going to do anyway. This idea only restates what was said 18 months ago on 2503!
	2693	The conditioned reflex again! Yet another mechanism! This time in iterated ultrastable systems. 4596. No! Just the same old one rediscovered yet again.
7-Dec-49	2694	Note on the previous note.
7-Dec-49	2696	The two ways of getting a conditioned reflex are almost identical.
	2698	Better definition of a system which shows extinction of its conditioned reflex. (Continued over)
12-Dec-49	2700	A possible mechanism for conditioned reflexes of the second order.
12-Dec-49	2701	A slight tendency within the nervous system can easily be magnified to a maximal change in the effectors.
	2703	We must distinguish in a conditioned reflex experiment between the pattern represented by the experimenter's controls and the pattern of what arrives at the cortex.
	2704	Example of preceeding section.
19-Dec-49	2710	A system for relating stimuli given to arcs activated.
31-Dec-49	2714	The effects of selection on the distribution of a statistic.
31-Dec-49	2716	Numerical example of the solution of [x'=Ax] by x=e^tAx⁰.
	2718	Example of equations solved by Laplace transformations.
	2722	An enumeration of the possible types of organisation. Summarised 2736
21-Jan-50	2725	In a given absolute system, if n-1 variables follow a given line of behaviour and the initial state of the n-th is given, then the behaviour of the n-th is also determined. 5051
	2727	Predicting behaviour of unobservable variables. (Continued 2732)
	2731	Binary counters.
	2734	A new way of getting information about unobservable variables in an absolute system. 5051
	2736	Examples.
28-Jan-50	2737	The ways of organising classified and tabulated.
1-Feb-50	2741	Proof of an entry in the previous section.
	2746	Organisation of a civil service. 2888, 2828, 4245
	2753	A conditioned reflex demonstrated on the homeostat. 2762, 5708, 5855
8-Feb-50	2754	Examples of simple substitutions.
	2755	On the nature of 'mind'. (An application 2790)
10-Feb-50	2761	Effect of diverting a variable from its path.
	2766	Conditioned reflex in ultrastable system regarded as change of resting state. 2855, 5855, 6745
	2768	Fundamental theory of relays and Boole's algebra.
28-Feb-50	2770	Emperical tests of the chance of stability collected to date.
	2772	Chance of stability. 3050
4-Mar-50	2773	Wholes whose stability differs entirely from those of the parts.
	2776	Joining unstable systems to form a stable one.
13-Apr-50	2787	Genetic inheritance as information. (See 2806)
17-Apr-50	2789	Dictionary definitions.
23-Apr-50	2792	Discovering a scientific law is like an animal getting one reaction-system adapted to more than one environment. (Summary 2797)
	2793	A set of numerical values can be, in variables, an operand, and in parameters, an operator. (See next section)
26-Apr-50	2796	The meaning of 'several' environments. (Amplified on 2801)
28-Apr-50	2801	Groups and learning.
28-Apr-50	2806	Examples of environments that can be divided into sub-environments.
	2815	A list of actions in which some object has to be avoided.
6-May-50	2816	Some items of information theory.
19-May-50	2820	Information theory.
21-May-50	2824	Example of pattern and group.
24-May-50	2825	A stochastic process and information.
25-May-50	2828	What a mammal does to an environment that cannot be adapted to.
	2830	Social systems that can change their own parameters.
26-May-50	2831	Allbutt on a type of man.
	2833	Description of a child lacking a sense of pain and often injured.
	2842	Solution of Harlow's problem.
	2847	Modern psychology and my theory.
5-Jun-50	2848	How to 'prove' a theory of the conditioned reflex.
	2854	Extracts from Hebb's book.
	2858	A paper to be returned to later.
10-Jun-50	2859	Conditioned reflex without cortex.
10-Jun-50	2860	Razran's article.
	2861	A stimulus contains, in addition to its obvious content, derived and integrated components. (Not so much the stimulus contains them as that it will affect the nervous system as if it did) This is the principle: the 'stimulus' contains everything the nervous system can transform it into. Futile, therefore, is it to worry much about the exact details of the presentation. (Continued 2878)
10-Jun-50	2862	A process, in natural selection, that cannot reach a steady state but moves like the Flying Dutchman.
11-Jun-50	2877	An empirical test on 30 cases of whether my definition of dependence agrees with what is understood by 'causation'. 5118, 3679, 3709
	2880	A 'stimulus' is not what it seems to be. It is all that happens between the experimenter and the depths of the subject's brain. 2896
	2884	A popular misunderstanding of what 'mechanistic' means.
14-Jun-50	2887	Correspondence of primative animal to machine, and object recognition.
15-Jun-50	2888	Social cybernetics. 2898
	2889	Part-environment relation in the Multistable System. 4193
20-Jun-50	2890	Example of multistable system.
28-Jun-50	2896	Comments on the books. Examples of part-functions.
	2900	The new point of view.
	2904	Axiomatic basis of the canonical equations, preliminary.
9-Jul-50	2907	I have little to learn from what is known of ecological systems.
9-Jul-50	2914	Canonical equations of a regular system. See 2922
16-Jul-50	2921	Defining and testing an absolute system.
	2925	On the canonical equations of a regular system
	2930	Some collected notes on pattern or class-recognition, and invariants.
	2933	A simple form of motor equivalent. (See 2939)
18-Jul-50	2936	'Two-stage' ultrastability.
	2949	Essay on 'motor equivalents.' See also 2989.
25-Jul-50	2951	A new principle for a new machine.
	2952	Law relating the lingering of the representative point with the density of critical states.
	2954	Elementary features of my new machine. (See 2955) (changed to 3042)
	2974	Multistable systems, essential variables, dispersion, how to alter step-functions selectively.
21-Aug-50	2978	Behaviour of systems of part-functions.
	2980	Intrinsic stability: general, and of my new machine.
	2983	The equations of the new machine, (See next page) Confirmed 2990
	2984	Chance in my machine that n active variables are stable.
	2986	Intrinsic stability of brain and my new machine. 4154
	2989	Sensory (dispersive) cortex must contain no learning mechanisms.
	2991	Canonical equations of systems composed of units each of which tries to make itself (its dial value) some function of the others. (3200)
	2992	The system that does not generate information is identical with an absolute system. 3032
	2993	Redundancy and information.
	2996	For training, essential variables are not necessary. (See 3003)
3-Oct-50	2999	Serial training in the machine. (See 3004)
	3000	Note on the 'principle of continuity'.
3-Oct-50	3001	A display for the new machine.
	3002	A simple and well known example of a system of part-functions.
24-Oct-50	3005	Serial learning.
	3007	Canonical equations of the homeostat.
29-Oct-50	3013	Facts on learning.
29-Oct-50	3013	Absolute system conserves information.
30-Oct-50	3019	Multistable system gives partly additive responses. A reaction pattern can be 'strengthened' by noisy variation of parameters. 4155
31-Oct-50	3021	A better meaning for 'difficulty of finding stability.'
	3025	n part-functions of which k are active at any one time is as easy to stabilise as k, not n, full-functions.
	3027	A multistable system adapting to several environments.
7-Nov-50	3031	Necessary and sufficient conditions that a first adaptation should be still present after a second has taken place.
12-Nov-50	3034	The noiseless transducer is the absolute system.(Continued 3164)
	3035	Theorem on absolute systems. Continued next page.
	3037	Theorem on absolute systems. Here is the theorem in its final form for proving step-functions...
23-Dec-50	3041	Systems of part-functions automatically provide step-function. (N.B. This need further investigation and more rigorous formulation).
25-Dec-50	3043	Mark 13 DAMS works.
26-Dec-50	3044	Stability in the system 'number of neons lit'.
27-Dec-50	3048	Joining 'at random'.
27-Dec-50	3051	Stability of systems whose units always tend to some function of the variables.
27-Dec-50	3054	The equations of DAMS. (Effect of neon, next page) Example next page.
27-Dec-50	3054	Control of DAMS' stability.
	3058	Essential variables may work by 'habituation'. (Review 3280)
29-Dec-50	3059	A simple mode of action of the essential variables. 3382, 4526
	3062	Part-functions will divide the whole more effectively if the permanent connections are few.
16-Jan-51	3070	Wiener says cycles will be common in DAMS; I say they will be few. 4892, 5461, 5472
20-Jan-51	3075	Set-up necessary, in brain and DAMS, for serial learning. (3087, 3141)
	3080	Functional knowledge obtainable when only some of the variables are observable. 3716
28-Jan-51	3082	Wiener's opinion on the 'absolute' system.
	3085	The Markoff process. Cf. 3223
	3086	Stability of system of Markoff chains.
28-Jan-51	3088	Relation of essential variables to system of part-functions.
29-Jan-51	3090	There should be many essential variables, allowing patterns to endure in proportion to their suitability, and averaging of the behaviours.
	3091	The elementary conditioned reflex does not need essential variables. Corollary: It is thus a by-product.
5-Feb-51	3093	The probability of stability.
	3094	If the f in the canonical equation behaves as a Markoff chain, the variable's behaviour is - Brownian movement with drift.
	3095	Stochastic differential equations.
	3099	Systems that are partly stochastic.
	3105	The basic equations of statistical mechanics (Continued 3134)
	3109	Probability of stability in an infinite machine. (3121)
	3110	Two things necessary if an infinite system is to be stable. (Cf. 3200)
	3110	Reactions to delay are difficult. (3138)
	3112	Animals react to more things than the experimenter thinks he is supplying. 4597
12-Feb-51	3115	Psychological facts to be explained by DAMS.
	3116	A part-function's 'degree of constancy.'
	3118	Variables 'sticking' does not necessarily cause a bias.
14-Feb-51	3119	No excuse is necessary to suppose that part-functions are constant only at certain values. Perhaps the concept of 3200 may be usable.
14-Feb-51	3120	In an absolute system one variable knows nothing of another variable's constancy.
	3123	Infinite systems of stable parts.
19-Feb-51	3127	How a variable's distribution changes after an internal dt.
19-Feb-51	3129	Steady states in an infinite system.
23-Feb-51	3132	I am now ready to account for learning by 'pleasure'.
23-Feb-51	3133	In a linear system with all variables distributed, the means of the variables behave the same as the variables would if undisturbed.
25-Feb-51	3137	In an absolute system independent distributions don't stay independent.
27-Feb-51	3138	'Delay' in a machine is only behaviour of zero amplitude.
27-Feb-51	3139	In a system of part-functions there are no 'parts' only distributed activations.
	3142	To get cumulative adaptation, the environment must be traversed by a variety of paths. (4546, 4215)
6-Mar-51	3143	Conditions affect, in the long run, only the stable patterns.
10-Mar-51	3146	On the chance that a disturbance should alter the resting state of some part. (3272)
14-Mar-51	3148	A system of part-functions may be easier to change if it is built in stages of assembly.
	3151	Darwinian mechanisms are to be developed by Darwinian process.
19-Mar-51	3163	Switches that see a Markoff process only through themselves: consequent bias in their settings. (Theory in metric-less states, 4527)
	3170	In an absolute system formed by the junction of independent parts, if a particular part can take one of ρ initial states and can show σ lines of behaviour from each initial state, then the quantity of information log₂ ρ + log₂ σ cannot be exceeded whatever part has been chosen.
	3173	Information in an absolute system always falls to log₂ η* (3176) where η is the number of the system's stable states and cycles. *Allowance should be made for the fact that the resting states are not equally probable.
	3176	Information in a machine. The catchment area of a resting state.
	3177	Information in a conjoined system. 3274
	3181	Example and proof of Shannon's Theorem 7
	3189	Networks for DAMS. (Cf. 3237) (Further example 3306)
6-Apr-51	3193	Information in machines.
6-Apr-51	3200	Shannon and I.
6-Apr-51	3201	A variable of constant intrinsic stability and one that always moves towards some function of its neighbours' states are identical. (Cf. 3110) (Behaviour 3134, 3239)
7-Apr-51	3203	Passing information from parameter into machine. The previous theorem can be improved. Here is a better statement...
	3205	Accurate statement of the amount of information that can be put into a machine by arbitrary interference. (3275)
7-Apr-51	3206	A physical example of habituation.
	3207	In the field of an absolute system, every convergent junction acts as a sink for information.
	3209	Maximal loss at a convergent point in a field. Table of log₂[(a^a b^b)/(a+b)^a+b].
9-Apr-51	3210	We cannot measure information by finding contributions from sub-ensembles and adding. (Another example 3249)
10-Apr-51	3212	An absolute machine can never gain more information than is put into it.
10-Apr-51	3214	When a parameter affects a machine, the gain in information is stationary (and a maximum) if the parameter's values are distributed independently of the machine's.
	3216	Passage of information as machine dominates machine. (See 3298, 3218, 3275)
11-Apr-51	3220	(Stated at the front - on 3218): If a machine is driven by an absolute system, the duration of coupling makes no difference to the amount of information received.
	3222	An information source controlling an otherwise absolute system raises it to a definite information content at which it is in stable equilibrium. (3086) (Canonical equations next page)
13-Apr-51	3224	Canonical equations of the densities in state of a system disturbed by an information source. (See 3227)
13-Apr-51	3226	Another measure of information applicable to a machine.
13-Apr-51	3228	When driven by a steady statistical source, the information in a machine does not tend to a minimum.
13-Apr-51	3230	States that lock accumulate all the members of the ensemble. 3233, 3291, 4524
14-Apr-51	3234	Information when a stochastic parameter changes infrequently.
	3235	Ways of losing information. 3274
16-Apr-51	3237	Wiring pattern of DAMS.
	3240	Conditions that a machine shall have the maximal number of resting states. This can be specified further...
19-Apr-51	3241	Maximal number of resting states. (3308)
	3242	Information when A drives B.
	3244	The inverse of the canonical equations.
23-Apr-51	3245	An experiment stops when the exchange of information has reached equilibrium. (3248, 3254, 3691)
25-Apr-51	3247	Independence does not in general cause loss of information. (3274)
25-Apr-51	3249	Entropies in the parts do not sum to that of the whole. Entropy of a part may equal that of the whole.
25-Apr-51	3250	Information and experiment.
25-Apr-51	3253	~~Information in an absolute machine.~~ [deleted]
	3263	Information and the experimenting on dynamic systems.
	3266	This then is the maximal information obtainable in an absolute system of σ states by starting it at a state selected arbitrarily and then observing how it's behaviour goes from state to state.
	3270	Information always decreases, step by step, as an unknown line of behaviour unfolds.
	3271	Uncertainty about the details within a line of behaviour is independent of whether that line, or some other, will occur. 3274
1-May-51	3279	Results collected from the last hundred pages (since 3164) on the subject 'Information in absolute systems.' 3297 3500
2-May-51	3280	New layout for DAMS, and an unsolved problem.
2-May-51	3280	I have just reviewed the notes on the pages mentioned (2955, 2996, 3001, 3003, 3014, 3026, 3028, 3056, 3059, 3071, 3082, 3087, 3115, 3138, 3140, 3149 and the previous note), all dealing with the relations between environment, essential variables, and the 'red mass' of 2957, once the essential variables have been specialised and separated. Here are my conclusions...
4-May-51	3290	A review of essential variables. (3484, 3521)
	3294	Equations of density in phase of systems that tend to stick at certain states. 4153
	3297	The longer the line of behaviour, the higher the chance of step-function change.
	3301	Information in machines.
9-May-51	3303	The continuous system can gain information though absolute.
9-May-51	3303	As soon as a sub-system is isolated it starts losing information.
23-May-51	3307	Dispersion.
23-May-51	3312	How many resting states has DAMS? (Continued 3319)
	3314	Resting states in DAMS will be few. (Continued 3319)
28-May-51	3316	Pneumatic controllers.
	3318	Measuring how much one variable affect another. The part-function as a limit.
	3325	Designing parts for a system with many resting states. (3333)
	3333	How to find the distribution of values in a system of many parts.
	3346	(1) I ignore resting cycles here, as they will probably be rare. (2) I treat only of parts of constant intrinsic stability with equations of form *x^-_i=K_i{Φ_i(x₁,...,,...,x_n)-x_i)}. (3) The variables in the parentheses (above) are the 'inputs' to the part, and Φ_i is the 'output'. (x_i merely follows Φ_i). (3323) (4) Just solving f(X)=0 is of little use, for an unknown, and large, number of roots may be complex. The total number of roots, real and complex, is the product of the degrees of the several f's regarded as polynomials (3308) (5) To get the real distinct resting states, find geometrically the real intersections of the surfaces, f(X)=0**. (6) Figure of 3322 shows that, if we want to get our resting states into a certain region of phase-space then the surfaces must waggle within it, and also across it. (3325 top).
	3347	(Continued) (7) If Φ_i tends to a form resembling ρ_i parallel planes (3334), then the number of resting states (stable and unstable) tends to Πρ_i. (3336) (8) (3340: a method, of little importance, for getting the sets of planes all orthogonal. (9) (3342: what happens when all parts are identical. (Not the case with DAMS) (10) To get the maximal number of resting states within a given region: (a) construct each part so that the output consists of many parallel planes, (b) join them so that the sets of planes are orthogonal. (12) If the number of resting states is increased, we can expect the number of stable states to be increased in about the same proportion. (3345)
	3348	How many resting states has a system assembled from parts of known properties? Also 3496
13-Jun-51	3351	Modifying a stable field.
13-Jun-51	3353	Ways of altering a system's sensitiveness to disturbance.
13-Jun-51	3354	Effect of richness of joining on the number of stable resting states.
13-Jun-51	3356	The nervous system should not have internal feedbacks (unless for special reasons) But see 3396. Confirm 3425, 3521
	3359	Information and adaptation. 3521
18-Jun-51	3360	How many nerve calls has an earthworm?
	3365	Conditions that one system may control another in detail.
18-Jun-51	3366	Control in systems of Constant Intrinsic Stability.
	3367	My machines are not ergodic.
19-Jun-51	3377	Information going through a transducer.
21-Jun-51	3381	Solution of the paradox of 3379.
5-Jul-51	3382	The essential variables must be able to send much information into the rest of the system. 3500
6-Jul-51	3386	Designing an essential variable that works by emitting noise. 3521.
9-Jul-51	3387	DAMS needs a complex environment, but a simple training-schedule.
11-Jul-51	3390	My work is the 'chemistry' of machines. Progress in it will be largely empirical. Review 4141
12-Jul-51	3392	That a set of step-functions should provide many resting states it is necessary that they should be uncorrelated. This can be achieved by many cross-connexions. 3521
	3393	If the number of resting states is increased by some change of design, take care that the number stable is not actually reduced.
13-Jul-51	3395	Of the resting states, the number stable can be anything from none to all.
13-Jul-51	3398	A system joined in a circuit is likely to have very few resting states. Confirmed 3426 but see 3571.
13-Jul-51	3398	To retain information in DAMS Mark 13, use output 3 and either of 1 or 2 in all cases.
16-Jul-51	3399	Thinking of the machine as having a finite number of states is the fundamentally sound method.
16-Jul-51	3400	How to integrate step by step when parts have outputs. 4498 shows how it should be done.
16-Jul-51	3402	Further data on what is required for many resting states.
17-Jul-51	3405	A machine's tendency to destroy or conserve information (as uncertainty of state) depends slightly on certain necessary factors in the parts but depends more on the holistic factor of assembly.
	3407	Two similar parts that will give many stable resting states.
26-Jul-51	3410	Design of a part and the number of resting states.
	3415	My standardised vocabulary, collected. (Standard symbols, 2004)
30-Jul-51	3417	With a new and complex system there are no 'usual' values for the parameters, and this increases the difficulty of getting to know it. 3514
1-Aug-51	3418	Law of the Invariance of Distribution.
8-Aug-51	3422	How to stop part-functions from destroying information. 5291.9
10-Aug-51	3425	The conclusion is, then, that for many resting states we must have plenty of independence.
10-Aug-51	3426	Historical note.
	3427	Complex wholes are unstudiable. 3474, 3496, 3513
11-Aug-51	3428	Information in DAMS.
	3430	Value of a determinant.
25-Aug-51	3434	The latent roots of a system formed as a circular chain of levels. Cf. 3573
	3437	A multistable system tends to lose reactivity, which will often be restored by applying some strong, but unrelated, stimulus, at the cost of some forgetting. ? Action of E.C.T. (Corollary 3464). ? Explanation of 'induction'. 3656, 4628, 4524.
	3450	Ninety quotations.
8-Sep-51	3452	In the cortex the relentless necessity for survival may lead to some interesting consequences. (See 3454) (Review, 4155)
	3457	The art of war - in the cortex. Review 4155, 4589
	3459	The animal reacts to all its surroundings. Retroactive inhibition and the theory of interaction in a Multistable System.
12-Sep-51	3460	Let DAMS keep moving.
12-Sep-51	3462	Society.
	3463	How DAMS can be made neurotic. (See next section) (See 3480)
12-Sep-51	3465	Neurosis by conflict must use up a system's resources of step-functions.
14-Sep-51	3474	The question 'what is a 'statistical' machine?' answered.
14-Sep-51	3475	What makes a complex machine 'statistical'? Review 4141
14-Sep-51	3477	How does a statistical machine work?
	3478	DAMS should demonstrate that it can manage the statistics of its environment as well as the exact details.
22-Sep-51	3479	DAMS should tend to avoid activating variables with widespread effects. 4155
	3481	On neurosis.
23-Sep-51	3483	A more practical form of environment for DAMS.
24-Sep-51	3486	Details of the Essential Variables.
	3487	How long should an arc be? 3511, 3514, 3557
25-Sep-51	3489	Part-functions are apt to lead to many useless neutral equilibria. 3491 - No they are acceptable; 3495
25-Sep-51	3490	Variable of constant intrinsic stability as part-function. (See also below)
25-Sep-51	3493	Equilibria in systems of part-functions. (See below)
26-Sep-51	3495	Types of equilibria in DAMS. Conclusion: Neutral equilibria, with esential variables within limits, are acceptable.
26-Sep-51	3496	How to study a complex system.
	3498	For a small disturbance, the effects everywhere tend to be proportional to the size of the disturbance.
27-Sep-51	3500	If the environment is E the brain must become -E^-1 4294
	3501	Two new types of information in the multistable system. 3521
	3503	Haldane's book.
	3503	Example of dispersion.
	3505	How many resting states has DAMS?
15-Oct-51	3509	History of DAMS.
15-Oct-51	3509	Sex and the Multistable System
	3513	Testing DAMS. 4511
21-Oct-51	3515	Designing DAMS.
	3516	More complexity means more essential variables, which then have all to be satisfied.
	3517	Improvement by the purely empirical is as old as industry.
	3521	How to arrange DAMS. DAMS can react to a 'signal' or 'symbol'.
29-Oct-51	3522	Index to Essential Variables since 3289. 3582
29-Oct-51	3522	Reduction of all variables to a common form is of no importance.
	3526	Fundamental theorem that the nervous system must contain step-functions.
3-Nov-51	3530	Fully developed form of the 'mechanical brain'; design for a chess-playing 'machine'.4563
5-Nov-51	3531	The brain should have some step-functions almost inaccessible to the environment.
	3535	Definition of a system's 'intelligence' at a resting state.
	3537	Anatomical features gives quick success but lose generality. (Next page) 4563
12-Nov-51	3538	Fixed qualities in a system.
	3545	The neon in DAMS as absolute system.
18-Nov-51	3547	Some statistical systems. Review 4141
	3552	Joining at random and by sub-systems.
	3554	We think dynamically, not logically.
21-Nov-51	3558	How to join DAMS.
21-Nov-51	3561	Joining up Essential Variables, Environment, and network. Review 3582
22-Nov-51	3563	Representation of a typical environment.
	3570	The number of circuits that passes through each valve in DAMS is large.
	3578	Proof that circuits of levels that include a one- variable level arc easy to stabilise.
27-Nov-51	3580	Processes for elementary study.
26-Nov-51	3581	Infinitesimal displacements activate a unique set of variables. (3599)
	3594	How essential variables, environment, and network are to be arranged in organism and DAMS. 3603, 3825, 4600, 4613 - there is no general solution, 4832, 5737
30-Nov-51	3596	A clearer statement about the Essential Variable.
	3598	A glance at the theory of games. 4589
	3602	Getting dispersion. 3870
1-Dec-51	3603	How the cortex perhaps gets selective disruption of wrong arcs. 3825, 4600, 4831
1-Dec-51	3606	Long lines of behaviour in phase-space often appear in the living world as circulating between organism and environment. 3645, 3760
7-Dec-51	3608	Statistical mechanics.
7-Dec-51	3610	'Positive' cleverness may be really only what is left after the elimination of nonsense. 4578 5307.3 (See 3629)
	3614	Evolution and the homeostat are information-amplifiers. (3616)
8-Dec-51	3616	Details of chess-playing.
11-Dec-51	3628	Properties of an information-amplifier. 4155
11-Dec-51	3629	The elimination of wrong moves at chess may eliminate too much.
12-Dec-51	3630	Random transformations.
12-Dec-51	3631	How instinct is activated.
	3632	Random transformation in taste. 3665
	3637	Calculations on dispersion.
17-Dec-51	3642	The chance that inactivity will stop an effect getting into the rest of the machine.
22-Dec-51	3643	Environment reducible to orthogonal subsystems. Also 3648
29-Dec-51	3644	Innate mechanisms must be studied for their organisational properties.
2-Jan-52	3645	Three ideas.
7-Jan-52	3647	Functional levels may be topologically re-arranged within organism and environment.
8-Jan-52	3649	Example of an environment.
8-Jan-52	3654	Cybernetics and the psychoses. 3673
	3655	The mechanism underlying paranoia.
	3657	The number of resting states that a machine can display to an observer depends on the information that the observer can get into the machine. (Next page)
17-Jan-52	3661	Information in the field and in the equations of an absolute system is S log S. 3695
17-Jan-52	3661	The homeostat's amplification factor is less than x1, but I was the first to point this out.
20-Jan-52	3662	Again the necessity for achieving success by stages.
	3663	Approximate estimate of the amount of design put into the homeostat.
20-Jan-52	3664	How many uniselectors the homeostat should have. 3743
	3665	Example of a random transducer. 3667
	3666	Chess strategy.
25-Jan-52	3670	Chess player's manual. 4569
25-Jan-52	3670	Amount of design in the homeostat.
	3672	Possible reason why psychoses are rare in children. Cf. 3650
	3674	Isolating a system.
	3684	Extracts from Sommerhoff. 3709, 3715
31-Jan-52	3685	When there is more than one source, how many entropies are calculable?
	3687	Information from multiple sources.
31-Jan-52	3688	Definition of 'memory'. 3810
	3692	Experimenter and system. 3697, 3725
3-Feb-52	3696	A function that measures information but is free from the concept of probability. Its basis is the 'partition'. Compare Neumann and Morgenstern 67. 5027
3-Feb-52	3698	Even the experimenter must be regarded as an ensemble. 3709
4-Feb-52	3700	To compute information, members having the same field must be kept together.
	3703	Chess strategy. 4590, 4651
	3705	Every parameter-change allows (or forces) the information in an ensemble to drop to a new lower level. Same applies to δ-impulse 3936.
	3706	Habituation, and adding information to an ensemble. 3774
	3707	The effect of the initial state decays with time if some parametric input is active. 3954
5-Feb-52	3708	Decay of information in an ensemble.
9-Feb-52	3710	The concept of 'cause' implies more than one line of behaviour. 5118
	3715	Mathematical knowledge is knowledge of how to control a certain environmental, physical, system. 3721, 3725, 3729
	3717	Transformation of a linear absolute system.
	3719	Replacing variables by derivatives. 3723, 4296, 5202
27-Feb-52	3720	Two unstable systems joined to give a stable.
3-Mar-52	3723	More examples of mathematics as a study of real dynamic possibilities. 3729
12-Mar-52	3729	'Knowing' means 'controlling', which means 'keeping invariant'. Review 4348, 4294
28-Mar-52	3730	More illustrations that maths is based on physical, empirical knowledge. 3926
28-Mar-52	3730	Real 'dial-readings'.
	3733	Itinerary in the States.
	3736	To make, or not to make, a calculating machine?
28-Mar-52	3738	Wallace's Maze-solving Computer.
	3741	Shannon's mechanical brains.
	3743	Information in the homeostat.
2-Apr-52	3744	Information in the homeostat.
	3752	Searching, random and systematic.
	3753	Qualification to 3746.
	3760	The division by part-functions is not objective. Transformation can destroy part-functions. 3767, 3799
8-Apr-52	3761	Details of dispersion.
	3763	Addendum to the definition of the primary operation. Corrected 3894
9-Apr-52	3766	A misunderstanding about part-functions. 3868
10-Apr-52	3772	Rank of the differential matrix, and null-functions.
	3775	Part-function were introduced to cause retention of information. 3799
	3776	Example of a canonical equation of nullity 2. 3799
	3784	Rank, information, effective parameters. 3780, 3799, 3788
	3785	Determination of initial states. 3789, 3847
	3787	Field and field, and determinate changes of parameter.
	3787	The observer-system relation is symmetrical; so we can calculate 'information' over an ensemble of observers
3-May-52	3789	Information, rank, equations. 3799
5-May-52	3792	On the operation that brings the representative point to a particular initial state. 3846, 4628
6-May-52	3794	Convergence of lines as invariance.
6-May-52	3797	An absolute system cannot give to another absolute system that it dominates more information than the first one contains. 3797
	3799	Rank, and control effected by parameters. 3800, 3802, 4301
	3801	Channel capacity in a machine.
10-May-52	3806	Transmission of information through a chain of absolute systems.
11-May-52	3808	Homogeneity implies group statistical regularity implies group. 3849
12-May-52	3809	Examples testing dependence of F on x^o.
	3814	(1) What is meant by 'memory'. (2) Memory does not require feedback. 3840
13-May-52	3815	Memory as conjugate behaviour.
13-May-52	3815	Habituation implies memory. 3842
17-May-52	3824	Habituation. 3837, 3842, 3856, 4526
	3829	How the Essential Variables must act to be selective. 5549, 5415, 4169, 4831, 5345
	3831	Variables in the brain should be driven actively by the environment.
	3832	Odd notes.
	3835	A better view of the homeostat. 3837
22-May-52	3837	What is essential in the homeostat. 3841, 3856, 4161
23-May-52	3840	On habituation. 3842, 3856, 3865, 4524
	3841	Memory implies that step-functions exist and that the system contains more than one resting state. 'Memory' is 'change of resting state'. Example 3833, 3856, 3842, 3900. Multiple resting states are necessary: they are also sufficient if we observe them through a system U, which can be the observer!
	3845	Habituation and memory. 3865, 4524
25-May-52	3852	Only an observer with dispersion can take advantage of a system's absoluteness.
	3853	Exploring a machine.
28-May-52	3854	Detail of 3844.
28-May-52	3855	Change full to step-functions for resting states.
29-May-52	3856	Other things being equal, the system with more step-functions will have more resting states.
31-May-52	3859	The importance of the age of thing. Review 4155
1-Jun-52	3860	The catchment areas define a partition.
4-Jun-52	3861	Definition of 'stability'.
	3862	Return of parameter to a previous value can cause further loss of information. 3863, 3954, 4057, 4074, 4373
	3864	A fluctuating parameter tends to lesser the number of resting states.
11-Jun-52	3866	The reactive condition is the more probable, from which the system may diverge under habituation.
	3867	The channel from step-function to observer must be broad if the observer is to see variety of behaviour.
12-Jun-52	3869	Every system can be transformed to [y^~₁=1, y^~₂=...=y^~_n=0] Cf. 1151
	3871	All control is based on the infinitesimal. 3930, 4015
17-Jun-52	3876	Stability of a circuit of levels. Another interesting system...
	3880	Behaviour of the 'clover' system.
	3882	Feedback can occur along a single channel.
21-Jun-52	3891	An incomplete solution of the problem of the probability of stability.
22-Jun-52	3892	A variable 'is' whatever a particular system, perhaps ourselves, sees it as. (But see 4000) and 3896,
22-Jun-52	3893	"interacts with" is an equivalence relation.
22-Jun-52	3894	A likely mechanism for the conditioned reflex. 3897
23-Jun-52	3896	The primary operation, and testing absoluteness.
23-Jun-52	3899	More on the Conditioned Reflex
24-Jun-52	3901	A hybrid step-full-function. By 4000 it is in (2), a full function.
26-Jun-52	3914	n complex variables are equivalent to 2n real variables. Complex 'machinery'.
	3916	n arcs can control n complex variables.
	3918	Resting states and latent roots of complex-variable systems.
	3919	Volterra's book.
	3923	Arcs that are simple as complex variables do not stay so as real variables.
	3925	In the brain, part often talks to part via the environment. 5424
28-Jun-52	3927	All maths should be expressible in terms of dynamic systems.
30-Jun-52	3928	Topology of absolute system.
	3929	'Stability' must be re-stated in terms of information. 3963, 3980, 3975
30-Jun-52	3931	The disturbances of most interest are those that are infinitesimal and the system becomes linear.
1-Jul-52	3932	Self-reproducing arcs are of very great importance, for good or evil. Review 4154
2-Jul-52	3935	A derivation of the partition-function.
2-Jul-52	3937	Administering a determinate impulse to an ensemble can only cause its information to fall. 3954
2-Jul-52	3939	Unsolved problem. 3959, 3962
	3943	Examples showing how 'adaptation' means 'destroying information'. 4133, 4155, 4159, 4167
3-Jul-52	3950	Partition and lattice.
	3951	Partitions in absolute ensembles.
	3953	Fault in book, to be corrected. Yes. 3966, 3986
	3953	Partitions in absolute ensembles. 3997
4-Jul-52	3959	Input makes for uniformity. 4048, 4122
	3960	A quite different way of defining and handling the absolute system. 3962, 4019. Review, 4338
	3965	States and metric give field.
7-Jul-52	3968	Ultrastability can act without a metric. 3986
8-Jul-52	3979	How to get many resting states (argued without a metric).
9-Jul-52	3984	My concepts divided into the topological and the metrical. 4026
10-Jul-52	3985	The concept of 'state' does not require number or metric.
	3990	Ultrastability proved at last! Worked out example 3967 Obsolete! 4232
14-Jul-52	3993	'Step-functions' topologically. 4000, 4005, 4602
15-Jul-52	3994	Why do our brains take so much notice of a step-function? 4233
21-Jul-52	3995	'Absoluteness' is relative to an observer. 4031, 4043.
	3997	Residue classes in behaviour.
27-Jul-52	3999	A chemical dynamic system.
27-Jul-52	4002	A more rigorous definition of full, part, step, and null functions. Try it on 3900, 4604
24-Jul-52	4003	Joining parts to form a whole.
	4004	Change of direction.
	4004	Examples of a single artificial absolute system. 4486 if some states become indistinguishable.
1-Aug-52	4005	Note on the subjective.
3-Aug-52	4011	Lewin's Topological Psychology. 4026
6-Aug-52	4012	Absolute systems. Q.E.D.
6-Aug-52	4015	On memory and schizophrenia.
6-Aug-52	4015	For progressive adaptation the essential variables must be multiple. 4167
6-Aug-52	4015	On infinitesimal disturbances.
6-Aug-52	4017	Examples of systems with part functions.
6-Aug-52	4018	Two independent 'complexities' in the 'complex system'. 4167, 4189
	4019	Importance of a system's history. 4041, 4048, 4302
21-Aug-52	4021	Interaction between adaptations.
21-Aug-52	4021	My solution includes all solutions.
8-Aug-52	4022	S.8/2 should be re-worded.
10-Aug-52	4025	'Coarsening' an absolute system. 4041, 4475, 4919
12-Aug-52	4026	Field as vector.
12-Aug-52	4026	Meaning of 'topological'.
12-Aug-52	4029	Quotations
13-Aug-52	4030	The absolute system does not imply a group. 4033
14-Aug-52	4031	An absolute system is a selected projection of the world-lines. 4038, 4043, 4292
15-Aug-52	4032	The homeostat's equations.
15-Aug-52	4033	Being a one-parameter group is not sufficient to ensure absoluteness.
15-Aug-52	4034	I formally reject the concept of 'group'.
15-Aug-52	4035	The 'group property' without groups.
15-Aug-52	4037	Abstract, and objective form of 'selection'. Review: 4137. 4099, 4229
	4038	Non-metrical definition of 'stability'.
	4038	Why not two, or more, representative points? 4121
16-Aug-52	4041	Every regular system can be made to yield an absolute system. 4042, 4302
	4042	A regular system is practically an absolute system.
18-Aug-52	4043	Nature of absoluteness. 4292, 4306
18-Aug-52	4046	The joining of machines can be represented without a metric. 4332, 4471
19-Aug-52	4047	Continuity of transformation.
19-Aug-52	4050	'Observing' a system means letting the regularity of the system's behaviour lessen the scatter in the ensemble of experimenters. 4122, 4296, Review 4348
	4052	If a system is very large and its lines of behaviour very long, the 'later' ends of the lines must differ from the 'earlier' in some 'Darwinian' way. (Note on 4055) 4099, Review 4141, 4201
22-Aug-52	4053	Essential variables. 4161
22-Aug-52	4054	In exposition, use non-learning systems as examples of organisational facts.
22-Aug-52	4054	Arcs breed. ? 4151, 4065
30-Aug-52	4057	The field of the self-locking system. 4065, 4155
	4059	The 'ordinary' and the 'statistical' machine differ only in the proportions allotted to the directly functioning part and the parameter-adjusting, servo-mechanistic part. 4061
	4060	More examples of the stable and unstable. 4062, 4070, 4074
	4061	Example of 'stability' miss-used. Further examples 4062, 4070
	4062	Economic systems vary in their amounts of stabilising machinery.
1-Sep-52	4063	The organism that 'knows' a line of behaviour is better if it knows the adjustment lines as well. Answered 4608
3-Sep-52	4066	Musings on evolution and the cortex. Review: 4155, 4071
	4069	The basis of both the multistable and the evolving system is the self-locking system (and its superior, the self-reproducing). 4071, 4099, 4153, 4166, 4201, 4229
	4070	Learning that have to adapt to a fixed (reflex) mechanism.
	4070	Meteorological dynamics. 4072
6-Sep-52	4072	Self-reproducing systems. 4086, 4099, 4154
	4073	Complex systems can also be regular.
	4075	"Design for a Brain" must use methods of proof that correspond to what I hold are the natural, physiological, methods.
7-Sep-52	4076	Random transformations.
	4079	The multistable system may have no trend if wrongly devised. 4080.0, 4175, 4201
12-Sep-52	4080	Multiple faults in a machine. 4613, 4195, 4201
	4081	A possible cause of psychosis.
	4083	Waismann's book.
12-Sep-52	4084	Example for localisation.
	4085	Absolute systems within absolute systems. (Continued 4113)
	4087	More on evolution. 4610, Review 4201, 4155, 4099
13-Sep-52	4088	In discussion, force every question to be converted to an acceptable form before answering.
	4090	Judge the difficulty of "Design for a Brain" by the comprehension shown by the average worker in EEG. Adjust the difficulty so that almost all such workers show comprehension.
	4094	Entropy etc.
	4096	The demonstration of feedback requires three primary operations.
17-Sep-52	4097	How many primary operations are required to establish the diagram of immediate effects?
17-Sep-52	4098	To study an absolute system of σ states, σ elementary operations are necessary, and they yield σ log σ of information. 4112
21-Sep-52	4112	(a) Adaptations in multistable system and in Darwinian system compared (b) What is a 'thing'? (c) What is 'reproduction'? 4522 (d) A system is in a sense 'isolated' if the disturbances are statistically constant. Review 4137
21-Sep-52	4112	Two points about dreams and the cortex.
23-Sep-52	4113	The difficulty of 'delay' is identical with the 'difficulty' of having too few variables.
23-Sep-52	4117	Absolute systems in absolute systems. 4119, 4145
23-Sep-52	4119	Tests for absoluteness.
	4120	Absolute systems within absolute systems. 4145
24-Sep-52	4122	The representative point may be divided into parts, as the whole system is thought of in parts.
	4123	More on information. 4133
	4132	On the necessity for step-functions. 4158, 4161, 4238
29-Sep-52	4136	Destruction of information. 4164, 4166. Review 4151, 4385
	4155	Evolutionary processes. 4172. Review 4201, 4790 Part 1: Selection. 4137. Part 2: The study of very large systems. 4141. Part 3: The properties of Φ(q) 4151
	4156	Runaway and information. 4303
	4160	Adaptation of essential variables, (next page) 4163
	4162	Adaptation without step-functions.
	4165	The adapting system - generalised, (next section). 4166, 4225
4-Oct-52	4171	(1) The homeostat is a self-regulator that uses information instead of power, but has the usual amplifier - with - negative - feedback. (2) The environment should be divided into (a) affected by the organism, (b) independent of the organism. (3) These give the fundamental control-flow relations. 4179, 4282, 4285
	4177	Darwinian adaptation, and the multistable systems. 4197, 4201
	4178	Psychiatry of the information-block.
6-Oct-52	4181	The self-locking system will also often be internally self-locking. 4229
	4182	For rapid and successful adaptation in the Multistable System, δ, α,η and ζ must, as channels, have large capacities.
10-Oct-52	4183	Origin of depression.
10-Oct-52	4183	The regenerative abnormality as self-locking system. 4229
11-Oct-52	4185	Genes and memory. 4206
	4186	The essence of intelligence is selection. 4285
	4187	Chaos first becomes worth studying when a constancy appears.
13-Oct-52	4189	Lashley on learning.
16-Oct-52	4193	More observations on discriminative feedback. (Foot of this page) 4201 4613
16-Oct-52	4193	Sufficient to ensure high probability of'.
16-Oct-52	4195	Discriminative feedback. 4225, 4514, 4613, 4831
16-Oct-52	4196	Discriminative feedback. 4216, 4201
17-Oct-52	4197	Trial and error by model has advantages, if the system can achieve it.
	4201	Various ideas on Darwinian and multistable evolution.
23-Oct-52	4207	Review of the relation of Darwinian to multistable system. 4216, 4239
	4210	The conditioned reflex. 4424
	4215	Assume that the number of essential variables is large and given, and is much the same for all species. 4225
	4215	Feedback through the environment.
	4222	Discriminative selection in poultry. 4233, 4239
	4222	The 'essential variable' of a watch that is to undergo trial for the Kew 'A' certificate.
	4223	Maths is not logical. 4539
22-Nov-52	4224	The necessity for selecting variables.
23-Nov-52	4227	The multistable system as merely one of many.
23-Nov-52	4228	Definition of system 'independent' of a parameter.
	4232	Precise conditions under which a system is self-locking. 4242, 4275
	4232	Better proof of ultrastability.
	4233	We take 'things' invariants, and null-functions as fundamental because we must. 4146.2, 4235.9, 4943
	4235	With 'state' as fundamental, canonical equations exist and parts can be joined, by parameters. 4604
	4235	With 'state' as fundamental, 'independence' can be defined.
28-Nov-52	4239	The field of [DIAGRAM]
29-Nov-52	4241	Darwinian and multistable systems. 4425, 4655
1-Dec-52	4244	How to get the time of adaptation to be reduced by the machine automatically. (Also) An ad hoc design is equivalent to a feedback loop with selection amplifier. 4246
2-Dec-52	4245	The diagram is more general than it looks.
2-Dec-52	4245	Getting information from a system.
	4257	On the time taken by a large system to get adapted. 4264, 4515, 4560
3-Dec-52	4260	Building an exceptionally un-intelligent machine.
3-Dec-52	4261	Building a machine to display its powers of self adjustment.
	4262	Orders or levels of essential variables.
	4263	Levels in social organisations and in the multistable system.
7-Dec-52	4267	Precise instructions for commercial organisation. 4269, 4273
7-Dec-52	4267	Is the power of abstraction the same as the power of developing an hysterical blindness?
8-Dec-52	4269	Play is an investment of surplus adaptation. 4271 (13), 4425
	4272	Explicit instructions for commercial or social organisation. 4273
14-Dec-52	4275	Building a society for chess-playing.
15-Dec-52	4276	A better way of stating my 'limit' theorems, and 'trend' theorems.
	4278	Power and I.Q. have many similar properties. 4285
14-Dec-52	4280	Appearance of a super-clever machine.