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1948
Volume 11
2429+03
2429+04
2429+05
2430
Summary: Full equations and approximations of the machine. (see below).
Linear system feedback and oscillations Oscillation in linear system Summary: If there are no feedbacks, a linear dynamic system cannot develope steady oscillations, but more general systems can.
Summary: Relations between stability of the machine and its supposed stability of setting. j→∞ is sufficient to make the behavior tend to the theoretical form. (see 2452)
2449
2450
Summary: In a multistable system with multiple subsystems, the number of stable subsystems rises exponentially with the time towards
its limit.
The Multistable System [8]: A factor which tends to lessen interaction between lines in a multistable system, 2485. Summary: One factor in multistable systems tend to decrease interaction when two lines are activated simultaneously.
The Conditioned Reflex [3]: Simple conditioned reflex as an elementary property of the commutive system, 1621. Still unsolved, 1943. Solved with multistable system, 1982. Further observations, 2064, 2490. Still unsolved, with reasons, 2192, 2243. Summary: The conditioned reflex and association possibly solved.
2489
2490
Summary: The diagram of immediate effects must conform to the type of experiment.
2491
2492
2493
2494
Null-function can be added to or removed from absolute system
2495
2496
Summary: When null-functions are present we can get absolute systems by either including them or excluding them.
The Multistable System [9]: Replicated arcs cannot be corrected individually by the environment - 2541 - but if sample combinations of arcs are used, there is a tendency to correction, 2647. Summary: One part of an ultrastable system can act as "trainer" to another part.
Summary: A snag in the multistable system, which must be answered. (see 2647)
Summary: In general, if a series of related compound stimuli evoke a series of patterns of activations, we can expect a priori no particular
relation between the patterns of activations. Any special relation found to exist must be due to some special arrangement
in the machine.
Summary: Constancy is by no means necessary for independence. The latter can be obtained even with gross fluctuation provided it is
forced.
2581
2582
Summary: A system of step-functions reaches a resting state or cycle instantaneously
Oddments [12]: An absolute system can always be regarded as made by the assembly of parts, 2584. Summary: Define the parts and predict the behavior of the whole, not vice versa.
2583
2584
Summary: Any absolute system can be regarded as built of parts. Summary: Constancies are conserved when parts are joined or separated.
Summary: Fields may, and should, be thought of as bounded and finite in extent.
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
Equilibrium of system of part functions Summary: Discussion of the stability of a system formed by joining an infinite number of part-functions.
2595
2596
Interaction Poincaré on Output to given input Summary: Response of linear system to an input when its response to a step-function is known.
Summary: Goal-seeking behavior does not necessarily imply feedback. (Continued, 2650, 2654)
2645
2646
Natural Selection [9]: Parallel with the correction of arcs in multistable system by environment 2647. The Multistable System [9]: Replicated arcs cannot be corrected individually by the environment - 2541 - but if sample combinations of arcs are used, there is a tendency to correction, 2647.
Summary: The problem of 2541 ─ that with replicated arcs there is no longer individual correction of the wrong ones ─ may be solved statistically if the
brain uses combinations obtained by sampling. 4216
Summary: Meditations on a new statistical mechanics.
2657
2658
Quotations [27]: Quotation on regarding the brain as a factory and trying to study it by seeing the main events of input and output but being
unable to see the small details in the workshops, 2660.
Summary: If one or more variables are unobserved, a cycle of parameter-values need not elicit a cycle of observed values.
The Conditioned Reflex [19]: A fresh start at the conditioned reflex, 2670. Summary: An essential feature of the development of the conditional reflex is that an independence changes to dependence.
Summary: The conditioned reflex cannot be explained this way.
2673
2674
Summary: A parameter can be localised in action by part-functions.
2675
2676
Oddments [20]: Status of an observer who holds a variable constant, 2677. Summary: If the observer tries to control a variable he may be forming part of the whole system.
Summary: If systems are joined by dominance, the latent roots are unmoved.
Feedback test for Summary: Two possible ways of proving feedback between two sub-systems. Feedback is also proved present if we can find in A a single frequency not found in A + B.
2679
2680
2681
2682
Summary: Some properties of a system of part-functions when a single parameter causes activations by its alternation.
Summary: A second stimulation can not only break a field but can save it.
2687
2688
The Conditioned Reflex [22]: An ultrastable system is immune to a disturbance β if the U.S. was going to act as β anyway, 2689. This gives a new clue to the conditioned reflex, 2691.
Summary: Briefly, an adapted system cannot be broken by forcing it to do what it was going to do anyway. This idea only restates what was said 18 months ago on 2503!
Summary: The conditioned reflex again! Yet another mechanism! This time in iterated ultrastable systems. 4596. No! Just the same old one rediscovered yet again.
